Einstein's Theory of Gravity and the Problem of Missing Mass

Abstract

The observed matter in the universe accounts for just 5 percent of the observed gravity. A possible explanation is that Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity fail where gravity is either weak or enhanced. The modified theory of Newtonian dynamics (MOND) reproduces, without dark matter, spiral-galaxy orbital motions and the relation between luminosity and rotation in galaxies, although not in clusters. Recent extensions of Einstein's theory are theoretically more complete. They inevitably include dark fields that seed structure growth, and they may explain recent weak lensing data. However, the presence of dark fields reduces calculability and comes at the expense of the original MOND premise -- that the matter we see is the sole source of gravity. Observational tests of the relic radiation, weak lensing, and the growth of structure may distinguish modified gravity from dark matter.

11 pages, 3 figures. As published (with corrected typos in caption of Figure 1 and address of one author). Figures much better in published version

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Cited by in corpus (24)

• Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions
• Confirmation of general relativity on large scales from weak lensing and galaxy velocities
• A Unifying Theory of Dark Energy and Dark Matter: Negative Masses and Matter Creation within a Modified $\Lambda$CDM Framework
• THINGS about MOND
• MOND theory
• Vector field models of modified gravity and the dark sector
• Dark Energy Stars in Tolman-Kuchowicz spacetime in the context of Einstein Gravity
• Testing Yukawa-like potentials from f(R)-gravity in elliptical galaxies
• The linear growth rate of structure in Parametrized Post Friedmannian Universes
• Extended LCDM: generalized non-minimal coupling for dark matter fluids
• Observational constraints on Yukawa cosmology and connection with black hole shadows
• Dark matter signatures of black holes with Yukawa potential
• Mass of Galactic Lenses in Modified Newtonian Dynamics
• Lopsidedness of cluster galaxies in modified gravity
• Tensor-vector-scalar-modified gravity: from small scale to cosmology
• Dark Universe Phenomenology from Yukawa Potential?
• Charged Black Holes with Yukawa Potential
• Influences of Dark Energy and dark matter on Gravitational Time Advancement
• MOND cosmology from entropic force
• Theory of gravity admitting arbitrary choice of the energy density reference level
• The Diffuse Light of the Universe - On the microwave background before and after its discovery: open questions
• Apparent Dark Matter Inspired by Einstein Equation of State
• Can Massive Gravity Explain the Mass Discrepancy - Acceleration Relation of Disk Galaxies?
• Exploring Cosmological Implications of the Modified Raychaudhuri Equation in Non-Gravitating Vacuum Energy Theory