The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray emission around star-forming and quiescent galaxies at $0.05<z<0.3$

Abstract

We aim at characterizing the hot phase of the Circum-Galactic Medium in a large sample of galaxies. We stack X-ray events from the SRG/eROSITA eFEDS survey around central galaxies in the GAMA 9hr field to construct radially projected soft X-ray luminosity profiles as a function of their stellar mass and specific star formation rate. We consider samples of quiescent (star-forming) galaxies in the stellar mass range $2\times 10^{10}$ -- $10^{12}$ M${}_{\odot }$ ($3\times 10^9$ -- $6\times 10^{11}$ M${}_{\odot }$). For quiescent galaxies, the X-ray profiles are clearly extended throughout the available mass range; however, the measured profile is likely biased high due to projection effects, as these galaxies tend to live in dense and hot environments. For the most massive star forming samples ($\ge 10^{11}$ M${}_{\odot }$), there is a hint of detection of extended emission. For star-forming galaxies with $<10^{11}$ M${}_{\odot }$ the X-ray stacked profiles are compatible with unresolved sources and consistent with the expected emission from faint Active Galactic Nuclei and X-ray binaries. We measure for the first time the mean relation between average X-ray luminosity and stellar mass separately for quiescent and star-forming galaxies. High-mass ($\ge 10^{11}$ M${}_{\odot }$) star-forming or quiescent galaxies follow the expected scaling of virialized hot haloes, while lower mass star-forming galaxies show a less prominent luminosity and a weaker dependence on stellar mass, consistent with empirical models of the weak AGN population. When comparing our results with state-of-the art numerical simulations, we find an overall consistency on large ($>80$ kpc) scales at masses $\ge 10^{11}$ M${}_{\odot }$, but disagreement on the small scales, where brighter than observed compact cores are predicted. Simulations also do not predict the clear differentiation that we observe between quiescent and star-forming galaxies.

23 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, accepted in A&A

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