Exploring the Diversity of Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei Identified in SDSS-IV/SPIDERS

Abstract

We present a statistical analysis of the optical properties of an X-ray selected Type 1 AGN sample, using high signal to-noise ratio ($S/N>20$) spectra of the counterparts of the ROSAT/2RXS sources in the footprint of the SDSS-IV/SPIDERS (Spectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) programme. The final sample contains 2100 sources. It significantly extends the redshift and luminosity ranges ($\mathrm{z}\sim 0.01-0.80$ and ${\mathrm{L}}_{0.1-2.4\mathrm{keV}}$ ~ $2.0\times 10^{41}$ - $1.0\times 10^{46}\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ ) used so far in this kind of analysis. By means of a Principal Component Analysis, we derive Eigenvector (EV) 1 and 2 in an eleven dimensional optical and X-ray parameter space, which are consistent with previous results. The validity of the correlations of the Eddington ratio $L/{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{Edd}}$ with EV1 and the black hole mass with EV2 are strongly confirmed These results imply that $L/{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{Edd}}$ and black hole mass are related to the diversity of the optical properties of Type 1 AGN. Investigating the relation of the width and asymmetry of $\mathrm{H}\beta$ and the relative strength of the iron emission ${\mathrm{r}}_{\mathrm{FeII}}$ , we show that our analysis supports the presence of a distinct kinematic region: the Very Broad Line Region. Furthermore, comparing sources with a red-asymmetric broad $\mathrm{H}\beta$ emission line to sources for which it is blue-asymmetric, we find an intriguing difference in the correlation of the FeII and the continuum emission strengths. We show that this contrasting behaviour is consistent with a flattened, stratified model of the Broad Line Region, in which the FeII emitting region is shielded from the central source.

arXiv commentResubmitted, after taking into account the referee's comments. The catalogue by Coffey et al. (2019), can be found at https://www.sdss.org/dr14/data_access/value-added-catalogs/

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