Introducing the Descriptive Parametric Model: Gaseous Profiles for Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters

Abstract

We develop and present the Descriptive Parametric Model (DPM), a tool for generating profiles of gaseous halos (pressure, electron density, and metallicity) as functions of radius, halo mass, and redshift. The model assumes single-phase, spherically symmetric, volume-filling warm/hot gas. The DPM framework enables mock observations of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), group halos, and clusters across a number of wavebands including X-ray, sub-millimeter/millimeter, radio, and ultraviolet (UV). We introduce three model families calibrated to reproduce cluster profiles while having different extrapolations to the CGM -- (i) self-similar halos, (ii) a reduced gas model for lower halo masses, and (iii) a model with shallower radial slopes at lower masses. We demonstrate how our z=0.0-0.6 models perform when applied to stacked and individual X-ray emission profiles, measurements of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect, electron dispersion measures from fast radio bursts, O VI absorption, and UV-derived pressures. Our investigation supports models that remove baryons from halos more effectively and have shallower profiles at lower halo mass. We discuss biases and systematics when modelling observables using consistent hot gaseous halo models for all wavebands explored. We release the DPMhalo code to encourage the use of our framework and new formulations in future investigations. Included with the DPMhalo distribution is a set of recent observations that allow the reproduction of most plots in this paper.

21 pages, 18 figures, accepted in MNRAS, DPMhalo software available via https://github.com/benopp99/DPMhalo

References in corpus (132)

• The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts
• UniverseMachine: The Correlation between Galaxy Growth and Dark Matter Halo Assembly from z=0-10
• Radiative transfer in a clumpy universe: IV. New synthesis models of the cosmic UV/X-ray background
• The Circumgalactic Medium
• The universal galaxy cluster pressure profile from a representative sample of nearby systems (REXCESS) and the Y_SZ-M_500 relation
• The eROSITA X-ray telescope on SRG
• A New Calculation of the Ionizing Background Spectrum and the Effects of HeII Reionization
• Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey
• Effects of Galaxy Formation on Thermodynamics of the Intracluster Medium
• Galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity scaling relations from a representative local sample (REXCESS)
• A census of baryons in the Universe from localized fast radio bursts
• The COS-Halos Survey: Physical Conditions and Baryonic Mass in the Low-Redshift Circumgalactic Medium
• The Large, Oxygen-Rich Halos of Star-Forming Galaxies Are A Major Reservoir of Galactic Metals
• Planck 2013 results. XXIX. Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources
• COLOSSUS: A python toolkit for cosmology, large-scale structure, and dark matter halos
• Gaseous Galaxy Halos
• Highly-Ionized High-Velocity Gas in the Vicinity of the Galaxy
• Multi-Phase Galaxy Formation: High Velocity Clouds and the Missing Baryon Problem
• The CHIME Fast Radio Burst Project: System Overview
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: First X-ray catalogues and data release of the western Galactic hemisphere
• The COS-Halos Survey: An Empirical Description of the Metal-Line Absorption in the Low-Redshift Circumgalactic Medium
• A universal model for halo concentrations
• The baseline intracluster entropy profile from gravitational structure formation
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Catalog of > 4000 Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Galaxy Clusters
• The Birmingham-CfA cluster scaling project - III: entropy and similarity in galaxy systems
• The COS-Halos Survey: Metallicities in the Low-Redshift Circumgalactic Medium
• Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of Nearby Galaxies with HST/COS and HST/STIS Absorption-Line Spectroscopy
• Ram Pressure Stripping in High-Density Environments
• Scaling Properties of a Complete X-ray Selected Galaxy Group Sample
• Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies in Enzo (FOGGIE). I. Resolving Simulated Circumgalactic Absorption at 2 < z < 2.5
• A Cosmic UV/X-ray Background Model Update
• Detection of large-scale X-ray bubbles in the Milky Way halo
• The Structure of the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo
• Cosmological simulations of the circumgalactic medium with 1 kpc resolution: enhanced HI column densities
• A Global Model For Circumgalactic and Cluster-Core Precipitation
• The relationship between black hole mass and galaxy properties: Examining the black hole feedback model in IllustrisTNG
• On the Cluster Physics of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Surveys II: Deconstructing the Thermal SZ Power Spectrum
• Universal thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium over two decades in radius in the X-COP sample
• Bimodality of low-redshift circumgalactic O VI in non-equilibrium EAGLE zoom simulations
• The Impact of Enhanced Halo Resolution on the Simulated Circumgalactic Medium
• The abundance, distribution, and physical nature of highly ionized oxygen OVI, OVII, and OVIII in IllustrisTNG
• Resolving small-scale cold circumgalactic gas in TNG50
• Strong bimodality in the host halo mass of central galaxies from galaxy-galaxy lensing
• Baryonic Pinching of Galactic Dark Matter Halos
• Consistent modelling of the meta-galactic UV background and the thermal/ionization history of the intergalactic medium
• The quenching and morphological evolution of central galaxies is facilitated by the feedback-driven expulsion of circumgalactic gas
• Characterizing Circumgalactic Gas around Massive Ellipticals at z~0.4 - II. Physical Properties and Elemental Abundances
• Properties of the Circumgalactic Medium in Cosmic Ray-Dominated Galaxy Halos
• On the possible environmental effect in distributing heavy elements beyond individual gaseous halos
• The Remarkable Similarity of Massive Galaxy Clusters From z~0 to z~1.9
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Combined kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements from BOSS CMASS and LOWZ halos
• New synthesis models of consistent extragalactic background light over cosmic time
• A Reservoir of Ionized Gas in the Galactic Halo to Sustain Star Formation in the Milky Way
• Massive Warm/Hot Galaxy Coronae as Probed by UV/X-ray Oxygen Absorption and Emission: I - Basic Model
• Ram Pressure Stripping of the Large Magellanic Cloud's Disk as a Probe of the Milky Way's Circumgalactic Medium
• Non-Equilibirum ionisation and cooling of metal-enriched gas in the presence of a photo-ionisation background
• Mapping stellar content to dark matter halos. II. Halo mass is the main driver of galaxy quenching
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Modeling the Gas Thermodynamics in BOSS CMASS galaxies from Kinematic and Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Measurements
• Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei in Galaxy Groups
• Hot X-ray coronae around massive spiral galaxies: a unique probe of structure formation models
• A Large Reservoir of Ionized Gas in the Galactic Halo: Ionized Silicon in High-Velocity and Intermediate-Velocity Clouds
• Extended Hot Halos Around Isolated Galaxies Observed in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey
• The XMM Cluster Outskirts Project (X-COP)
• A Deep XMM-Newton Study of the Hot Gaseous Halo Around NGC 1961
• Cooling flow solutions for the circumgalactic medium
• The effect of magnetic fields on properties of the circumgalactic medium
• Flickering AGN can explain the strong circumgalactic O VI observed by COS-Halos
• Trident: a universal tool for generating synthetic absorption spectra from astrophysical simulations
• The COS-Halos Survey: Keck LRIS and Magellan MagE Optical Spectroscopy
• The Impact of Cosmic Rays on Thermal Instability in the Circumgalactic Medium
• Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground Between Clusters and Galaxies
• The multiphase circumgalactic medium traced by low metal ions in EAGLE zoom simulations
• Scaling Properties of Galaxy Groups
• The Tau of Galaxy Clusters
• On the OVI Abundance in the Circumgalactic Medium of Low-Redshift Galaxies
• Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of Nearby Galaxies with HST/COS and HST/STIS Absorption-Line Spectroscopy: II. Methods and Models
• The Non-Uniformity of Galaxy Cluster Metallicity Profiles
• The Circum-Galactic Medium of MASsive Spirals II: Probing the Nature of Hot Gaseous Halo around the Most Massive Isolated Spiral Galaxies
• Massive Warm/Hot Galaxy Coronae: II. Isentropic Model
• Gas Accretion is Dominated by Warm Ionized Gas in Milky Way-Mass Galaxies at z ~ 0
• NIHAO VIII: Circum-galactic medium and outflows - The puzzles of HI and OVI gas distributions
• Characterizing Circumgalactic Gas around Massive Ellipticals at z ~ 0.4 I. Initial Results
• Probing the Hot X-ray Corona around the Massive Spiral Galaxy, NGC 6753, Using Deep XMM-Newton observations
• Future constraints on halo thermodynamics from combined Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements
• Ambient Column Densities of Highly Ionized Oxygen in Precipitation-Limited Circumgalactic Media
• CGM${}^2$ I: The Extent of the Circumgalactic Medium Traced by Neutral Hydrogen
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray emission around star-forming and quiescent galaxies at $0.05<z<0.3$
• BURSTT: Bustling Universe Radio Survey Telescope in Taiwan
• Bright galaxy sample in the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 4: selection, photometric redshifts, and physical properties
• Hot Extended Galaxy Halos Around Local L* Galaxies From Sunyaev-Zeldovich Measurements
• The Journey Counts: The Importance of Including Orbits when Simulating Ram Pressure Stripping
• The pressure profiles of hot gas in local galaxy groups
• A Self-Calibrating Halo-Based Group Finder: Application to SDSS
• Does circumgalactic OVI trace low-pressure gas beyond the accretion shock? Clues from HI and low-ion absorption, line kinematics, and dust extinction
• The hot circumgalactic medium in the eROSITA All-Sky Survey I. X-ray surface brightness profiles
• Iron in X-COP: tracing enrichment in cluster outskirts with high accuracy abundance profiles
• The Mass and Absorption Columns of Galactic Gaseous Halos
• The angular momentum of cosmological coronae and the inside-out growth of spiral galaxies
• The Commensal Real-time ASKAP Fast Transient incoherent-sum survey
• Cloudy with A Chance of Rain: Accretion Braking of Cold Clouds
• The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) V: On the Thermodynamic Properties of the Cool Circumgalactic Medium at $z<1$
• The CGM${}^2$ Survey: Circumgalactic O VI from dwarf to massive star-forming galaxies
• Revealing the Milky Way's Hidden Circumgalactic Medium with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph Quasar Database for Galactic Absorption Lines
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Milky Way-like Galaxies in the TNG50 Simulation -- II: Cold, Dense Gas Clouds and High-Velocity Cloud Analogs
• Circumgalactic Pressure Profiles Indicate Precipitation-Limited Atmospheres for $M_{\ast }\sim 10^9$$-$$10^{11.5}{M}_{\odot }$
• A Galaxy Redshift Survey near HST/COS AGN Sight Lines
• The hot circumgalactic medium in the eROSITA All-Sky Survey II. Scaling relations between X-ray luminosity and galaxies' mass
• X-ray and SZ constraints on the properties of hot CGM
• Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies In Enzo (FOGGIE) VI: The Circumgalactic Medium of $L^{\ast }$ Galaxies is Supported in an Emergent, Non-Hydrostatic Equilibrium
• A measurement of circumgalactic gas around nearby galaxies using fast radio bursts
• Cool circumgalactic gas of passive galaxies from cosmological inflow
• The warm-hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way as seen by eROSITA
• Probing the Circum-Galactic Medium with Fast Radio Bursts: Insights from the CAMELS Simulations
• X-ray emission from warm-hot intergalactic medium: the role of resonantly scattered cosmic X-ray background
• Exploring the Physical Properties of the Cool Circumgalactic Medium with a Semi-Analytic Model
• A 60-kpc Galactic Wind Cone in NGC 3079
• Models of rotating coronae
• The warm-hot, extended, massive circumgalactic medium of NGC 3221: an XMM-Newton discovery
• The CGM${}^2$ Survey: Quenching and the Transformation of the Circumgalactic Medium
• Exploring the Milky Way Circumgalactic Medium in a Cosmological Context with a Semi-Analytic Model
• Quantifying Baryonic Feedback on Warm-Hot Circumgalactic Medium in CAMELS Simulations
• Scientific Objectives of the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) Mission
• The QuaStar Survey: Detecting Hidden Low-Velocity Gas in the Milky Way's Circumgalactic Medium
• It's a Breeze: The Circumgalactic Medium of a Dwarf Galaxy is Easy to Strip
• Radiative Turbulent Mixing Layers and the Survival of Magellanic Debris
• The Mass and Absorption Columns of Galactic Gaseous Halos II -- The High Ionization State Ions
• X-raying CAMELS: Constraining Baryonic Feedback in the Circum-Galactic Medium with the CAMELS simulations and eRASS X-ray Observations
• Dust Survival in Galactic Winds
• Circumgalactic Medium on the Largest Scales: Detecting X-ray Absorption Lines with Large-Area Microcalorimeters
• Upper Limits on the Mass of Cool Gas in the Circumgalactic Medium of Dwarf Galaxies
• Misty, patchy, and turbulent: constraining the cool circumgalactic medium with mCC
• Intergalactic-Absorption Confounding Circumgalactic Observations

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Strong Evidence for Cosmic Ray-Supported $\sim$L${}^{\ast }$ Galaxy Halos via X-ray \& tSZ Constraints
• On the baryon budget in the X-ray-emitting circumgalactic medium of Milky Way-mass galaxies