The Non-Uniformity of Galaxy Cluster Metallicity Profiles

Abstract

We study a sample of 207 nearby galaxy groups and clusters observed with XMM-Newton. Key aspects of this sample include the large size, the high data quality, and the large diversity of cluster dynamical states. We determine the overall metallicity within 0.3R${}_{500}$ and the radial distribution of the metals. On average, we find a mild dependence of the core metallicity with the average temperature of the system in agreement with previous results. However, we identify the cause of this mild dependence to be due to relaxed systems only; disturbed systems do not show this trend, on average. The large scatter observed in this relation is strongly associated with the dynamical state of the systems: relaxed systems have on average a higher metallicity in the core than disturbed objects. The radial profiles of relaxed systems are centrally peaked and show a steep decrease with radius, flattening beyond 0.3-0.4R${}_{500}$. The metallicity of disturbed systems is also higher in the center but at much lower values than what is observed for relaxed objects. This finding is consistent with the picture that cluster mergers mix the abundance distribution by inducing large scale motions. The scatter of the radial profiles is quite large, but while for relaxed systems it decreases almost monotonically as function of the radius, for disturbed systems it shows a significant boost at large radii. Systems with a central radio source have a flatter profile indicating that central AGNs are an efficient mechanism to uplift and redistribute the metals in the ICM.

19 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (30)

• Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
• A Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Observed by XMM-Newton
• Stellar and total baryon mass fractions in groups and clusters since redshift 1
• Scaling Properties of a Complete X-ray Selected Galaxy Group Sample
• Temperature profiles of a representative sample of nearby X-ray galaxy clusters
• Searching for Cool Core Clusters at High redshift
• XMM-Newton and Chandra Cross Calibration Using HIFLUGCS Galaxy Clusters: Systematic Temperature Differences and Cosmological Impact
• Chemical enrichment in the cluster of galaxies Hydra A
• Tracing the evolution in the iron content of the ICM
• X-Ray morphological analysis of the Planck ESZ clusters
• Merger Rates of Dark-Matter Haloes
• Chi-square and Poissonian Data: Biases Even in the High-Count Regime and How to Avoid them
• Radial metal abundance profiles in the intra-cluster medium of cool-core galaxy clusters, groups, and ellipticals
• IACHEC Cross-Calibration of Chandra, NuSTAR, Swift, Suzaku, and XMM-Newton with 3C 273 and PKS 2155-304
• Line Emission in the Brightest Cluster Galaxies of the NOAO Fundamental Plane and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys
• The history of chemical enrichment in the intracluster medium from cosmological simulations
• A uniform metallicity in the outskirts of massive, nearby galaxy clusters
• X-MAS2: Study Systematics on the ICM Metallicity Measurements
• Metal enrichment processes
• The Metallicity of the Intracluster Medium Over Cosmic Time: Further Evidence for Early Enrichment
• X-ray Substructure Studies of Four Galaxy Clusters using XMM-Newton Data
• AGN contamination of galaxy-cluster thermal X-ray emission: predictions for eRosita from cosmological simulations
• CHEERS: The chemical evolution RGS sample
• Abundance and temperature distributions in the hot intra-cluster gas of Abell 4059
• The evolution of the spatially-resolved metal abundance in galaxy clusters up to z=1.4
• Mass-invariance of the iron enrichment in the hot haloes of massive ellipticals, groups, and clusters of galaxies
• Apparent high metallicity in 3-4 keV galaxy clusters: the inverse iron-bias in action in the case of the merging cluster Abell 2028
• Uniform Contribution of Supernova Explosions to the Chemical Enrichment of Abell 3112 out to R200
• A Systematic Analysis of the XMM-Newton Background: I. Dataset and Extraction Procedures
• Metal distribution in the ICM - a comprehensive numerical study of twelve galaxy clusters

Cited by in corpus (51)

• Probing cosmic isotropy with a new X-ray galaxy cluster sample through the $L_{\text{X}}-T$ scaling relation
• The MillenniumTNG Project: The hydrodynamical full physics simulation and a first look at its galaxy clusters
• The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey I. Survey Overview and Highlights
• X-ray scaling relations for a representative sample of Planck selected clusters observed with XMM-Newton
• Scaling Properties of Galaxy Groups
• Iron in X-COP: tracing enrichment in cluster outskirts with high accuracy abundance profiles
• The metal content of the hot atmospheres of galaxy groups
• The galaxy group NGC 507: newly detected AGN remnant plasma transported by sloshing
• The discovery of radio halos in the Frontier Fields clusters Abell S1063 and Abell 370
• The Chemical Evolution of Galaxy Clusters: Dissecting the Iron Mass Budget of the Intracluster Medium
• The Three Hundred Project: the stellar and gas profiles
• CHEX-MATE: Robust reconstruction of temperature profiles in galaxy clusters with XMM-Newton
• On the origin of central abundance drops in the intracluster medium of galaxy groups and clusters
• Possible depletion of metals into dust grains in the core of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies
• Chemical abundances in the outskirts of nearby galaxy groups measured with joint Suzaku and Chandra observations
• CHEX-MATE: Characterization of the intra-cluster medium temperature distribution
• The XMM Cluster Survey: new evidence for the 3.5 keV feature in clusters is inconsistent with a dark matter origin
• A Chandra study of Abell 795 -- a sloshing cluster with a FR0 radio galaxy at its center
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Constraints on AGN Feedback in Galaxy Groups
• The unusually weak and exceptionally steep radio relic in Abell 2108
• Projection effects in galaxy cluster samples: insights from X-ray redshifts
• Comparing different mass estimators for a large subsample of the {\it Planck}-ESZ clusters
• The Three Hundred Project: the evolution of physical baryon profiles
• Shattering and growth of cold clouds in galaxy clusters: the role of radiative cooling, magnetic fields and thermal conduction
• Redshift evolution of the hot intracluster gas metallicity in the C-EAGLE cluster simulations
• Environmental Dependence of Type Ia Supernovae in Low-Redshift Galaxy Clusters
• Iron abundance distribution in the hot gas of merging galaxy clusters
• A Study of Gas Entropy Profiles of 47 Galaxy Clusters and Groups Out to the Virial Radius
• Constraints on precipitation-limited hot halos from massive galaxies to galaxy clusters
• The hot gas mass fraction in halos. From Milky Way-like groups to massive clusters
• CHEX-MATE: CLUster Multi-Probes in Three Dimensions (CLUMP-3D), I. Gas Analysis Method using X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Data
• The cycle of metals in the infalling elliptical galaxy NGC 1404
• Systematic Perturbations of the Thermodynamic Properties in Cool Cores of HIFLUGCS Galaxy Clusters
• The Relative Supernovae Contribution to the Chemical Enrichment History of Abell 1837
• CHEX-MATE: pressure profiles of 6 galaxy clusters as seen by SPT and Planck
• The perils of stacking optically selected groups in eROSITA data. The Magneticum perspective
• A Novel Machine Learning Approach to Disentangle Multi-Temperature Regions in Galaxy Clusters
• A 600 kpc complex radio source at the center of Abell 3718 discovered by the EMU and POSSUM surveys
• Sloshing Cold Fronts in Galaxy Cluster Abell 2566
• Active galactic nuclei through the prism of galaxy clusters: bounds on axion-like particles
• Introducing the Descriptive Parametric Model: Gaseous Profiles for Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters
• X-ray and optical analysis of the distant, merging double cluster SPT-CLJ2228-5828, its gas bridge, and shock front
• Deep Chandra observations of PLCKG287.0+32.9: a clear detection of a shock front in a heated former cool core
• Core to Cosmic Edge: SIMBA-C's New Take on Abundance Profiles in the Intragroup Medium at z = 0
• Relighting the fire in Hickson Compact Group (HCG) 15: magnetised fossil plasma revealed by the SKA Pathfinders & Precursors
• Does the Fe L-shell blend bias abundance measurements in intermediate-temperature clusters?
• Detection of a Superluminous Spiral Galaxy in the Heart of a Massive Galaxy Cluster
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: The morphologies of clusters of galaxies: II. The intrinsic distributions of morphological parameters
• In medio stat virtus: enrichment history in poor galaxy clusters
• A Chandra view of SPT-CL J0217-5014: a massive galaxy cluster at a cosmic intersection at z=0.53
• The Chemical and Thermal Structure of the Hot Atmosphere of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 5813