The MillenniumTNG Project: The hydrodynamical full physics simulation and a first look at its galaxy clusters

Abstract

Cosmological simulations are an important theoretical pillar for understanding nonlinear structure formation in our Universe and for relating it to observations on large scales. In several papers, we introduce our MillenniumTNG (MTNG) project that provides a comprehensive set of high-resolution, large volume simulations of cosmic structure formation aiming to better understand physical processes on large scales and to help interpreting upcoming large-scale galaxy surveys. We here focus on the full physics box MTNG740 that computes a volume of $(740\mathrm{Mpc}{)}^3$ with a baryonic mass resolution of $3.1\times 10^7{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ using \textsc{arepo} with $80.6$~billion cells and the IllustrisTNG galaxy formation model. We verify that the galaxy properties produced by MTNG740 are consistent with the TNG simulations, including more recent observations. We focus on galaxy clusters and analyse cluster scaling relations and radial profiles. We show that both are broadly consistent with various observational constraints. We demonstrate that the SZ-signal on a deep lightcone is consistent with Planck limits. Finally, we compare MTNG740 clusters with galaxy clusters found in Planck and the SDSS-8 RedMaPPer richness catalogue in observational space, finding very good agreement as well. However, {\it simultaneously} matching cluster masses, richness, and Compton-$y$ requires us to assume that the SZ mass estimates for Planck clusters are underestimated by $0.2$~dex on average. Thanks to its unprecedented volume for a high-resolution hydrodynamical calculation, the MTNG740 simulation offers rich possibilities to study baryons in galaxies, galaxy clusters, and in large scale structure, and in particular their impact on upcoming large cosmological surveys.

18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS, comments welcome

References in corpus (19)

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• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
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• The redshift evolution of massive galaxy clusters in the MACSIS simulations
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Cited by in corpus (66)

• The FLAMINGO project: cosmological hydrodynamical simulations for large-scale structure and galaxy cluster surveys
• The MillenniumTNG Project: The impact of baryons and massive neutrinos on high-resolution weak gravitational lensing convergence maps
• The heart of galaxy clusters: demographics and physical properties of cool-core and non-cool-core halos in the TNG-Cluster simulation
• The boundary of cosmic filaments
• Arkenstone I: A Novel Method for Robustly Capturing High Specific Energy Outflows In Cosmological Simulations
• Learning to Concentrate: Multi-tracer Forecasts on Local Primordial Non-Gaussianity with Machine-Learned Bias
• The Cosmic Baryon Partition between the IGM and CGM in the SIMBA Simulations
• The MillenniumTNG Project: Semi-analytic galaxy formation models on the past lightcone
• The FLAMINGO project: Baryon effects on the matter power spectrum
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Constraints on AGN Feedback in Galaxy Groups
• Introducing the AIDA-TNG project: galaxy formation in alternative dark matter models
• Backlighting extended gas halos around luminous red galaxies: kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from DESI Y1 x ACT
• The Manhattan Suite: Accelerated galaxy evolution in the early Universe
• The FLAMINGO project: Baryonic impact on weak gravitational lensing convergence peak counts
• The impact of baryons on the internal structure of dark matter haloes from dwarf galaxies to superclusters in the redshift range 0<z<7
• The THESAN-ZOOM project: Population III star formation continues until the end of reionization
• Galaxy cluster mass accretion rates from IllustrisTNG
• The Uchuu-GLAM BOSS and eBOSS LRG lightcones: Exploring clustering and covariance errors
• The hot gas mass fraction in halos. From Milky Way-like groups to massive clusters
• The DESI One-Percent Survey: Modelling the clustering and halo occupation of all four DESI tracers with Uchuu
• Investigating the galaxy-halo connection of DESI Emission-Line Galaxies with SHAMe-SF
• Quantifying Observational Projection Effects with a Simulation-based hot CGM model
• Probing galaxy evolution from $z=0$ to $z\simeq 10$ through galaxy scaling relations in three L-Galaxies flavours
• Validating the clustering predictions of empirical models with the FLAMINGO simulations
• QSO MUSEUM II: Search for extended Ly$\alpha$ emission around eight $z\sim 3$ quasar pairs
• How do baryonic effects on the cosmic matter distribution vary with scale and local density environment?
• The ASTRID Simulation at z=0: From Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure
• First step toward matter power spectrum reconstruction with Stage III weak gravitational lensing surveys
• Magnetic dynamos in galaxy clusters: the crucial role of galaxy formation physics at high redshifts
• Explaining JWST star formation history at $z\sim 17$ by modifying $\Lambda$CDM
• Quantifying the intrinsic variability due to randomness of the Auriga galaxy formation model
• Intra-Cluster Light as a Dynamical Clock for Galaxy Clusters: Insights from the MAGNETICUM, IllustrisTNG, Hydrangea and Horizon-AGN Simulations
• COLIBRE: calibrating subgrid feedback in cosmological simulations that include a cold gas phase
• Differentiable Cosmological Hydrodynamics for Field-Level Inference and High Dimensional Parameter Constraints
• Galaxy and halo properties around cosmic filaments from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 and the ELUCID simulation
• The Three Hundred Project: Modeling Baryon and Hot-Gas Fraction Evolution in Simulated Clusters
• Premature supermassive black hole mergers in cosmological simulations of structure formation
• Central galaxy alignments. Dependence on the mass and the large-scale environment
• Investigating cosmic strings using large-volume hydrodynamical simulations in the context of JWST's massive UV-bright galaxies
• Density Fluctuations in the Intracluster Medium: An Attempt to Constrain Viscosity with Cosmological Simulations
• Calibrating baryonic effects in cosmic shear with external data in the LSST era
• Learning the Universe: Learning to Optimize Cosmic Initial Conditions with Non-Differentiable Structure Formation Models
• Introducing cosmosTNG: simulating galaxy formation with constrained realizations of the COSMOS field
• Simulation-guided galaxy evolution inference: A case study with strong lensing galaxies
• High-redshift AGN population in radiation-hydrodynamics simulations
• Applying a star formation model calibrated on high-resolution interstellar medium simulations to cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
• Disentangling the Halo: Joint Model for Measurements of the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect and Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing
• Exploring selection biases in FRB dispersion-galaxy cross-correlations with magnetohydrodynamical simulations
• Born to be Starless: Revisiting the Missing Satellite Problem
• Differences in baryonic and dark matter scaling relations of galaxy clusters: A comparison between IllustrisTNG simulations and observations
• Mapping luminous and dark matter in the Universe
• High$-z$ [OI] emission lines: ColdSIM simulations and ALMA observations
• The FLAMINGO simulations data release
• The impact of baryons on the sparsity of simulated galaxy clusters from The Three Hundred Project
• Stirring the cosmic pot: how black hole feedback shapes the matter power spectrum in the Fable simulations
• Gamma Analytical Modeling Evolution (GAME) I: The physical implications of deriving the stellar mass functions from z=0 to z=8
• Simulation budgeting for hybrid effective field theories
• The universality of the relation between magnetic fields and star formation in galaxies
• How supermassive black holes shape central entropies in galaxy clusters
• Dynamic Zoom Simulations of structure formation beyond standard cosmology
• Cross-correlations between X-ray clusters and the general galaxy population
• Imladris: a detailed and flexible model for galaxy simulations with individual stars
• The origin of the intra-cluster light in The Three Hundred simulations
• The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics
• Fast Baryonic Field Painting for Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Analyses: Transfer Function vs. Hybrid Effective Field Theory
• Estimating the triaxiality of massive clusters from 2D observables in MillenniumTNG with machine learning