The Circum-Galactic Medium of MASsive Spirals II: Probing the Nature of Hot Gaseous Halo around the Most Massive Isolated Spiral Galaxies

Abstract

We present the analysis of the XMM-Newton data of the Circum-Galactic Medium of MASsive Spirals (CGM-MASS) sample of six extremely massive spiral galaxies in the local Universe. All the CGM-MASS galaxies have diffuse X-ray emission from hot gas detected above the background extending $\sim (30-100)\mathrm{kpc}$ from the galactic center. This doubles the existing detection of such extended hot CGM around massive spiral galaxies. The radial soft X-ray intensity profile of hot gas can be fitted with a $\beta$-function with the slope typically in the range of $\beta =0.35-0.55$. This range, as well as those $\beta$ values measured for other massive spiral galaxies, including the Milky Way (MW), are in general consistent with X-ray luminous elliptical galaxies of similar hot gas luminosity and temperature, and with those predicted from a hydrostatic isothermal gaseous halo. Hot gas in such massive spiral galaxy tends to have temperature comparable to its virial value, indicating the importance of gravitational heating. This is in contrast to lower mass galaxies where hot gas temperature tends to be systematically higher than the virial one. The ratio of the radiative cooling to free fall timescales of hot gas is much larger than the critical value of $\sim 10$ throughout the entire halos of all the CGM-MASS galaxies, indicating the inefficiency of gas cooling and precipitation in the CGM. The hot CGM in these massive spiral galaxies is thus most likely in a hydrostatic state, with the feedback material mixed with the CGM, instead of escaping out of the halo or falling back to the disk. We also homogenize and compare the halo X-ray luminosity measured for the CGM-MASS galaxies and other galaxy samples and discuss the "missing" galactic feedback detected in these massive spiral galaxies.

arXiv comment25 pages, 17 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication by ApJS

References in corpus (52)

• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• Collisional Plasma Models with APEC/APED: Emission Line Diagnostics of Hydrogen-like and Helium-like Ions
• Stellar mass-to-light ratios and the Tully-Fisher relation
• Galactic Winds
• On the Maximum Luminosity of Galaxies and Their Central Black Holes: Feedback From Momentum-Driven Winds
• Mass models of the Milky Way
• Galaxies in a simulated $\Lambda$CDM Universe I: cold mode and hot cores
• The Imprint of Galaxy Formation on X-ray Clusters
• The Milky Way's circular velocity curve between 4 and 14 kpc from APOGEE data
• Starburst-driven galactic winds: I. Energetics and intrinsic X-ray emission
• Supernova feedback efficiency and mass loading in the starburst and galactic superwind exemplar M82
• Low mass X-ray binaries as a stellar mass indicator for the host galaxy
• The present-day star formation rate of the Milky-Way determined from Spitzer detected young stellar objects
• A high spatial resolution X-ray and H-alpha study of hot gas in the halos of star-forming disk galaxies. II. Quantifying supernova feedback
• Constraining the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo with OVII and OVII Emission Lines
• Stellar masses of SDSS-III BOSS galaxies at z~0.5 and constraints to galaxy formation models
• The MASSIVE Survey - I. A Volume-Limited Integral-Field Spectroscopic Study of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies within 108 Mpc
• Revisiting with Chandra the Scaling Relations of the X-ray Emission Components (Binaries, Nuclei and Hot Gas) of Early Type Galaxies
• Direct Numerical Simulation of Radiation Pressure-Driven Turbulence and Winds in Star Clusters and Galactic Disks
• Detection of a Hot Gaseous Halo Around the Giant Spiral Galaxy NGC 1961
• X-ray coronae in simulations of disc galaxy formation
• X-ray Scaling Properties of Early-type Galaxies
• Cooling Time, Freefall Time, and Precipitation in the Cores of ACCEPT Galaxy Clusters
• Chandra Survey of Nearby Highly-Inclined Disk Galaxies I: X-ray Measurements of Galactic Coronae
• Hot X-ray coronae around massive spiral galaxies: a unique probe of structure formation models
• The MASSIVE Survey IV.: The X-ray halos of the most massive early-type galaxies in the nearby Universe
• XMM-Newton Detects a Hot Gaseous Halo in the Fastest Rotating Spiral Galaxy UGC 12591
• Chandra Observation of the Edge-on Spiral NGC 5775: Probing the Hot Galactic Disk/Halo Connection
• A Deep XMM-Newton Study of the Hot Gaseous Halo Around NGC 1961
• Diffuse X-Ray Emission from Late-Type Galaxy Haloes
• Hot gas halos around disk galaxies: Confronting cosmological simulations with observations
• X-ray Emission from Haloes of Simulated Disc Galaxies
• Universal X-ray emissivity of the stellar population in early-type galaxies: unresolved X-ray sources in NGC 3379
• Chandra Survey of Nearby Highly Inclined Disc Galaxies - II: Correlation Analysis of Galactic Coronal Properties
• Hot Gaseous Coronae around Spiral Galaxies: Probing the Illustris Simulation
• Supernova Sweeping and Black-Hole Feedback in Elliptical Galaxies
• CHANG-ES VI: Probing Supernova Energy Deposition in Spiral Galaxies Through Multi-Wavelength Relationships
• Enriching the hot circumgalactic medium
• Chandra and XMM-Newton Detection of Large-scale Diffuse X-ray Emission from the Sombrero Galaxy
• Type-Ia Supernova-driven Galactic Bulge Wind
• Chandra Survey of Nearby Highly Inclined Disc Galaxies - III: Comparison with Hydrodynamical Simulations of Circumgalactic Coronae
• X-raying Galaxies: A Chandra Legacy
• Chandra survey of nearby highly inclined disk galaxies -- IV: New insights into the working of stellar feedback
• Dynamic S0 Galaxies: a Case Study of NGC 5866
• An XMM-Newton Observation of the Massive Edge-on Sb Galaxy NGC 2613
• Dynamic S0 Galaxies II: the Role of Diffuse Hot Gas
• The Circum-Galactic Medium of MASsive Spirals I: Overview and a Case Study of NGC 5908
• XMM-Newton Large Program on SN1006 - I: Methods and Initial Results of Spatially-Resolved Spectroscopy
• Baryon content and dynamic state of galaxy clusters: XMM-Newton observations of A1095 and A1926
• Do We Detect the Galactic Feedback Material in X-ray Observations of Nearby Galaxies? - A Case Study of NGC 5866
• XMM-Newton Large Program on SN1006 - II: Thermal Emission
• Improving XMM-Newton EPIC pn data at low energies: method and application to the Vela SNR

Cited by in corpus (54)

• The quenching and morphological evolution of central galaxies is facilitated by the feedback-driven expulsion of circumgalactic gas
• The Extended Distribution of Baryons Around Galaxies
• Hot Atmospheres, Cold Gas, AGN Feedback and the Evolution of Early Type Galaxies: a Topical Perspective
• The gas fractions of dark matter haloes hosting simulated $\sim L^{\star }$ galaxies are governed by the feedback history of their black holes
• Feedback from supermassive black holes transforms centrals into passive galaxies by ejecting circumgalactic gas
• X-ray Signatures of Black Hole Feedback: Hot Galactic Atmospheres in IllustrisTNG and X-ray Observations
• Baryon Budget of the Hot Circumgalactic Medium of Massive Spiral Galaxies
• Abundance and temperature of the outer hot circum-Galactic medium: The SRG/eROSITA view of the soft X-ray background in the eFEDS field
• EAGLE and Illustris-TNG predictions for resolved eROSITA X-ray observations of the circumgalactic medium around normal galaxies
• The hot circumgalactic medium in the eROSITA All-Sky Survey I. X-ray surface brightness profiles
• The cold circumgalactic medium in emission: MgII halos in TNG50
• The Hot, Accreted Halo of NGC 891
• Dark matter halos and scaling relations of extremely massive spiral galaxies from extended HI rotation curves
• A population of galaxy-scale jets discovered using LOFAR
• Evidence for massive warm-hot circumgalactic medium around NGC 3221
• Cool circumgalactic gas of passive galaxies from cosmological inflow
• The warm-hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way as seen by eROSITA
• X-ray metal line emission from the hot circumgalactic medium: probing the effects of supermassive black hole feedback
• The warm-hot, extended, massive circumgalactic medium of NGC 3221: an XMM-Newton discovery
• Cooling in the X-ray halo of the rotating, massive early-type galaxy NGC 7049
• Detection of thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the circumgalactic medium of low-mass galaxies -- a surprising pattern in self-similarity and baryon sufficiency
• Elliptical Galaxy in the Making: The Dual Active Galactic Nuclei and Metal-enriched Halo of Mrk 273
• X-ray Spectra of Circumgalactic Medium Around Star-Forming Galaxies: Connecting Simulations to Observations
• The origin of X-ray coronae around simulated disc galaxies
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Presenting The Demographics of X-ray Emission From Normal Galaxies
• Scientific Objectives of the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) Mission
• The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. VI. Similarities and Differences in the Circumgalactic Medium
• The changing circumgalactic medium over the last 10 Gyr I: physical and dynamical properties
• The Warm Gas in the MW: A Kinematical Model
• eDIG-CHANGES I: Extended Hα Emission from the Extraplanar Diffuse Ionized Gas (eDIG) around CHANG-ES Galaxies
• Can observations of 511 keV line from the M31 galaxy shed light on the AGN jet composition?
• Inflow of low-metallicity cool gas in the halo of the Andromeda galaxy
• Mock HUBS observations of hot gas with IllustrisTNG
• An X-ray View of the Hot Circum-Galactic Medium
• Circumgalactic Medium on the Largest Scales: Detecting X-ray Absorption Lines with Large-Area Microcalorimeters
• Quantifying Observational Projection Effects with a Simulation-based hot CGM model
• Molecular Gas of the Most Massive Spiral Galaxies I: a Case Study of NGC 5908
• Measuring the Mass of Missing Baryons in the Halo of Andromeda Galaxy with Gamma-Ray Observations
• On the patchy appearance of the circum-Galactic medium and the influence of foreground absorption
• CO-CHANGES I: IRAM 30m CO Observations of Molecular Gas in the Sombrero Galaxy
• Radial X-ray profiles of simulated galaxies: Contributions from hot gas and XRBs
• The hot gas distribution, X-ray luminosity and baryon budget in the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model of galaxy formation
• Introducing the Descriptive Parametric Model: Gaseous Profiles for Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters
• Retrieving the hot circumgalactic medium physics from the X-ray radial profile from eROSITA with an IlustrisTNG-based forward model
• Hubble Space Telescope Captures UGC~12591: Bulge/Disc Properties, Star Formation and `Missing Baryons' Census in a Very Massive and Fast Spinning Hybrid Galaxy
• On the baryon budget in the X-ray-emitting circumgalactic medium of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• Mock X-ray observations of hot gas with L-Galaxies semi-analytic models of galaxy formation
• X-ray Halos around Massive Galaxies: Data and Theory
• CO-CHANGES II: spatially resolved IRAM 30M CO line observations of 23 nearby edge-on spiral galaxies
• An Observationally Driven Multifield Approach for Probing the Circum-Galactic Medium with Convolutional Neural Networks
• Soft X-ray line emission from hot gas in intervening galaxy halos and diffuse gas in the cosmic web
• Detection of Anisotropies in the Circumgalactic Medium of Disk Galaxies: Supermassive Black Hole Activity or Star Formation-driven Outflows?
• Predictions for the X-ray circumgalactic medium of edge-on discs and spheroids
• Inferring the mass of the circumgalactic medium using X-ray resonant scattering