Hubble Space Telescope Captures UGC~12591: Bulge/Disc Properties, Star Formation and `Missing Baryons' Census in a Very Massive and Fast Spinning Hybrid Galaxy

Abstract

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the nearby, massive, highly rotating hybrid galaxy UGC~12591, along with observations in UV to FIR bands. HST data in V, I, and H bands is used to disentangle the structural components. Surface photometry shows a dominance of the bulge over the disc with H-band B/D ratio of $69\%$. The spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting reveals an extremely low global star formation rate (SFR) of $\sim 0.1-0.2{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$, exceptionally low for the galaxy's huge stellar mass of $1.6\times 10^{11}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, implying a strong quenching of its SFR with star formation efficiency of $3-5\%$. For at least the past $10^8$ years, the galaxy has remained in a quiescent state as a sterile, `red and dead' galaxy. UGC~12591 hosts a supermassive black hole (SMBH) of $6.18\times 10^8{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ which is possibly quiescent at present, i.e. neither we see large ($>1kpc$) radio jets nor is the SMBH contributing significantly to the mid-IR SED, ruling out strong radiative feedback of AGN. We obtained a detailed census of all observable baryons with a total mass of $6.46\times 10^{11}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ within the virial radius, amounting to a baryonic deficiency of $\sim$$85\%$ relative to the cosmological mean. Only a small fraction of these baryons resides in a warm/hot circum-galactic X-ray halo, while the majority are still unobservable. We discussed various astrophysical scenarios to explain its unusual properties. Our work is a major step forward in understanding the assembly history of such extremely massive, isolated galaxies.

19 pages, 8 figures, 8 Tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (38)

• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology
• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• A simple model to interpret the ultraviolet, optical and infrared emission from galaxies
• A Semi-Analytic Model for the Co-evolution of Galaxies, Black Holes, and Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Circumgalactic Medium
• HyperLEDA. III. The catalogue of extragalactic distances
• SPARC: Mass Models for 175 Disk Galaxies with Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves
• GALEX-SDSS-WISE Legacy Catalog (GSWLC): Star Formation Rates, Stellar Masses and Dust Attenuations of 700,000 Low-redshift Galaxies
• The Structure of Classical Bulges And Pseudobulges: The Link Between Pseudobulges And Sersic Index
• The Search for the Missing Baryons at Low Redshift
• The Baryon Content of Extremely Low Mass Dwarf Galaxies
• Constraining the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo with OVII and OVII Emission Lines
• The Diverse Properties of the Most Ultraviolet Luminous Galaxies Discovered by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer
• Where are the ``Missing'' Galactic Baryons?
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Early-Type Galaxies: $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,sph}$ and $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,gal}$
• Bar quenching in gas-rich galaxies
• Variation of galactic cold gas reservoirs with stellar mass
• Hunting for Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• The identification of dust heating mechanisms in nearby galaxies using Herschel 160/250 and 250/350 micron surface brightness ratios
• The Circum-Galactic Medium of MASsive Spirals II: Probing the Nature of Hot Gaseous Halo around the Most Massive Isolated Spiral Galaxies
• Black-hole-regulated star formation in massive galaxies
• Mega parsec relativistic jets launched from an accreting supermassive blackhole in an extreme spiral galaxy
• The life cycle of radio galaxies in the LOFAR Lockman Hole field
• MIGHTEE-HI: The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation over the last billion years
• Impact of relativistic jets on the star formation rate: a turbulence-regulated framework
• A Break in Spiral Galaxy Scaling Relations at the Upper Limit of Galaxy Mass
• Jet-driven AGN feedback on molecular gas and low star-formation efficiency in a massive local spiral galaxy with bright X-ray halo
• The Effect of Local Galaxy Surface Density on Star Formation for HI selected galaxies
• Massive Star-Forming Galaxies Have Converted Most of Their Halo Gas into Stars
• GALEX Absolute Calibration and Extinction Coefficients Based on White Dwarfs
• Star formation quenching stages of active and non-active galaxies
• A deep Chandra observation of the hot gaseous halo around a rare, extremely massive and relativistic jet launching spiral galaxy
• The origin of X-ray coronae around simulated disc galaxies
• Voyage through the Hidden Physics of the Cosmic Web
• Giant disk galaxies : Where environment trumps mass in galaxy evolution
• Exploring the hot gaseous halo around an extremely massive and relativistic jet launching spiral galaxy with XMM-Newton

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Dark matter halos and scaling relations of extremely massive spiral galaxies from extended HI rotation curves