The multiphase circumgalactic medium traced by low metal ions in EAGLE zoom simulations

Abstract

We explore the circumgalactic metal content traced by commonly observed low ion absorbers, including C II, Si II, Si III, Si IV, and Mg II. We use a set of cosmological hydrodynamical zoom simulations run with the EAGLE model and including a non-equilibrium ionization and cooling module that follows 136 ions. The simulations of z~0.2 L* (M_200=10^11.7-10^12.3 Msol) haloes hosting star-forming galaxies and group-sized (M_200=10^12.7-10^13.3 Msol) haloes hosting mainly passive galaxies reproduce key trends observed by the COS-Halos survey-- low ion column densities show 1) little dependence on galaxy specific star formation rate, 2) a patchy covering fraction indicative of 10^4 K clouds with a small volume filling factor, and 3) a declining covering fraction as impact parameter increases from 20-160 kpc. Simulated Si II, Si III, Si IV, C II, and C III column densities show good agreement with observations, while Mg II is under-predicted. Low ions trace a significant metal reservoir, ~10^8 Msol, residing primarily at 10-100 kpc from star-forming and passive central galaxies. These clouds tend to flow inwards and most will accrete onto the central galaxy within the next several Gyr, while a small fraction are entrained in strong outflows. A two-phase structure describes the inner CGM (<0.5 R_200) with low-ion metal clouds surrounded by a hot, ambient medium. This cool phase is separate from the O VI observed by COS-Halos, which arises from the outer CGM (>0.5 R_200) tracing virial temperature gas around L* galaxies. Physical parameters derived from standard photo-ionization modelling of observed column densities (e.g. aligned Si II/Si III absorbers) are validated against our simulations. Our simulations therefore support previous ionization models indicating that cloud covering factors decline while densities and pressures show little variation with increasing impact parameter.

26 pages, 19 figures, submitted to MNRAS

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