The Large, Oxygen-Rich Halos of Star-Forming Galaxies Are A Major Reservoir of Galactic Metals

Abstract

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is fed by galaxy outflows and accretion of intergalactic gas, but its mass, heavy element enrichment, and relation to galaxy properties are poorly constrained by observations. In a survey of the outskirts of 42 galaxies with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope, we detected ubiquitous, large (150 kiloparsec) halos of ionized oxygen surrounding star-forming galaxies, but we find much less ionized oxygen around galaxies with little or no star formation. This ionized CGM contains a substantial mass of heavy elements and gas, perhaps far exceeding the reservoirs of gas in the galaxies themselves. It is a basic component of nearly all star-forming galaxies that is removed or transformed during the quenching of star formation and the transition to passive evolution.

This paper is part of a set of three papers on circumgalactic gas observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on HST, to be published in Science, together with related papers by Tripp et al. and Lehner & Howk, in the November 18, 2011 edition. This version has not undergone final copyediting. Please see Science online for the final printed version

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• Small-scale Properties of Atomic Gas in Extended Disks of Galaxies
• Fountain-driven gas accretion feeding star formation over the disc of NGC 2403
• Baryon content and dynamic state of galaxy clusters: XMM-Newton observations of A1095 and A1926
• Cold and Hot gas distribution around the Milky-Way-M31 system in the HESTIA simulations
• The QuaStar Survey: Detecting Hidden Low-Velocity Gas in the Milky Way's Circumgalactic Medium
• Gas Accretion in Star-Forming Galaxies
• The changing circumgalactic medium over the last 10 Gyr I: physical and dynamical properties
• The Anatomy of a Turbulent Radiative Mixing Layer: Insights from an Analytic Model with Turbulent Conduction and Viscosity
• Probing the CGM of Low-redshift Dwarf Galaxies Using FIRE Simulations
• The Spread of Metals into the Low-Redshift Intergalactic Medium
• Characterising the turbulent multiphase halos with periodic box simulations
• The Molecular Baryon Cycle of M82
• Extended OVI haloes of starforming galaxies
• Newly Improved Ionization Corrections for the Neutral Interstellar Medium: Enabling Accurate Abundance Determinations in Star-forming Galaxies throughout the Universe
• The Ultraviolet Detection of Diffuse Gas in Galaxy Groups
• Hunting for Metals Using XQ-100 Legacy Survey Composite Spectra
• Metallicities in the Outer Regions of Spiral Galaxies
• The COS-legacy survey of C IV absorbers: properties and origins of the intervening systems
• Galactic coronae in Milky Way-like galaxies: the role of stellar feedback in gas accretion
• The Mass and Absorption Columns of Galactic Gaseous Halos II -- The High Ionization State Ions
• Evidence for galaxy quenching in the green valley caused by a lack of a circumgalactic medium
• Finding the UV-Visible Path Forward: Proceedings of the Community Workshop to Plan the Future of UV/Visible Space Astrophysics
• The effects of local stellar radiation and dust depletion on non-equilibrium interstellar chemistry
• Disentangling the multi-phase circumgalactic medium shared between a dwarf and a massive star-forming galaxy at z~0.4
• Probing the physicochemical properties of the Leo Ring and the Leo I group
• Tentative Detection of the Circumgalactic Medium of the Isolated Low-Mass Dwarf Galaxy WLM
• ELUCID VII: Using Constrained Hydro Simulations to Explore the Gas Component of the Cosmic Web
• The Ionization and Dynamics of the Makani Galactic Wind
• Spatially Resolved Gas Flows Around the Milky Way
• The relationship between gas and galaxies at z<1 using the Q0107 quasar triplet
• The CGM-GRB Study. I. Uncovering The CircumGalactic Medium around GRB hosts at redshifts 2-6
• CMB distortion from circumgalactic gas
• Detection of a Super-Virial Hot Component in the Milky Way Circumgalactic Medium Along Multiple Sight-Lines by Using the Stacking Technique
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: A serendipitous observation of a potential gas accretion event
• Evolution of CIV Absorbers. II. Where does CIV live?
• Metal content of the circumgalactic medium around star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 2.6 as revealed by the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey
• Mapping the Supernovae Driven Winds of the Large Magellanic Cloud in H$\alpha$ Emission I
• Physical Conditions of Five O VI Absorption Systems Towards PG $1522+101$
• The $M-\sigma$ relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
• Interaction of galactic wind with halo gas and the origin of multiphase extraplanar material
• Detection of Metal-Rich, Cool-Warm Gas in the Outskirts of Galaxy Clusters
• Detection of Low Metallicity Warm Plasma in a Galaxy Overdensity Environment at z ~ 0.2
• Nature of the Galaxies On Top Of Quasars producing MgII absorption
• Detection of a Multiphase Intragroup Medium: Results from the COS-IGrM Survey
• A novel approach to investigate chemical inhomogeneities in GRB host galaxies: The $Z_{\mathrm{abs}}-Z_{\mathrm{emiss}}$ relation
• The Circumgalactic Medium in Massive Halos
• Gas Accretion via Lyman Limit Systems
• The high-velocity clouds above the disk of the outer Milky Way: misty precipitating gas in a region roiled by stellar streams
• Ionized Gas in the First 10 Kiloparsecs of the Interstellar Galactic Halo: Metal Ion Fractions
• Gas Accretion Traced in Absorption in Galaxy Spectroscopy
• Probing the physical properties of the intergalactic medium using gamma-ray bursts
• Evidence of bimodal physical properties of intervening, optically-thin CIII absorbers at z ~ 2.5
• Fe K lines in the nuclear region of M82
• Absorption-based Circumgalactic Medium Line Emission Estimates
• Properties of the circumgalactic medium in simulations compared to observations
• Circumgalactic Medium on the Largest Scales: Detecting X-ray Absorption Lines with Large-Area Microcalorimeters
• Cold neutral hydrogen gas in galaxies
• Resolving the Internal Structure of Circum-Galactic Medium using Gravitationally Lensed Quasars
• The Slow Flow Model of Dust Efflux in Local Star-Forming Galaxies
• Dust in Clusters of Galaxies
• L-GALAXIES 2020: The formation and chemical evolution of stellar haloes in Milky Way Analogues and galaxy clusters
• Triple-ionised carbon associated with the low-density neutral hydrogen gas at 1.7 < z < 3.3: the integrated N(HI)-N(CIV) relation
• Expanding on the Fundamental Metallicity Relation in Dwarf Galaxies with MUSE
• Oxygen Loss from Simulated Galaxies and the Metal Flow Main Sequence: Predicting the Dependence on Mass and Environment
• A panoramic view of the circumgalactic medium in the photoionized precipitation model
• Distinguishing Between Photoionized and Collisionally Ionized Gas in the Circumgalactic Medium
• Baryonic Post-Processing of N-body Simulations, with Application to Fast Radio Bursts
• Observational Diagnostics of Gas Flows: Insights from Cosmological Simulations
• Probing the physical properties of the intergalactic medium using blazars
• Low Mass Group Environments have no Substantial Impact on the Circumgalactic Medium Metallicity
• Understanding the Baryon Cycle: Fueling Star Formation via Inflows in Milky Way-like Galaxies
• High-resolution absorption spectroscopy of the circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way
• How are Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers in the cosmic web related to gas-rich galaxies?
• Pair Lines of Sight Observations of Multiphase Gas Bearing O VI in a Galaxy Environment
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Disk-halo interactions in radio-selected star-forming galaxies
• Disc-halo gas outflows driven by stellar clusters as seen in multiwavelength tracers
• Spatial Distribution of OVI Covering Fractions in the Simulated Circumgalactic Medium
• The COS-Holes Survey: Connecting Galaxy Black Hole Mass with the State of the CGM
• CRexit: how different cosmic ray transport modes affect thermal instability in the circumgalactic medium
• Galaxy cluster photons alter the ionisation state of the nearby warm-hot intergalactic medium
• A Global Census of Metals in the Universe
• Kinematics of Circumgalactic O VI Gas and Disk Rotation of $z\approx 0.2$ Star-forming Galaxies
• Introducing the Descriptive Parametric Model: Gaseous Profiles for Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters
• On the Size and Mass of Photo-ionized Clouds in Extended Spiral Galaxy Halos
• The imprint of dark subhaloes on the circumgalactic medium
• Fundamental relation in isolated galaxies, pairs, and triplets in the local universe
• OVI Emission From the Supernovae-regulated Interstellar Medium: Simulation Vs Observation
• Both Stellar Mass and Gravitational Potential Shape the Gas-Phase Metallicity
• Intergalactic-Absorption Confounding Circumgalactic Observations
• ALMACAL X: Constraints on molecular gas in the low-redshift circumgalactic medium
• An Observationally Driven Multifield Approach for Probing the Circum-Galactic Medium with Convolutional Neural Networks
• Quokka-based understanding of outflows (QED) -- II. X-ray metallicity gradients as a signature of galactic wind metal loading
• Plasma processes at the scales of galaxies and clusters of galaxies
• On the baryon budget in the X-ray-emitting circumgalactic medium of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• Updated Models for the Creation of a Low-z QSO Absorber by a Dwarf Galaxy Wind
• Absorption systems at $z\sim 2$ as a probe of the circum galactic medium: a probabilistic approach
• Identifying Circumgalactic Medium Absorption in QSO Spectra: A Bayesian Approach
• On the soft X-ray emission of M82
• MUSEQuBES: Physical conditions, origins, and multi-element abundances of the circumgalactic medium of an isolated, star-forming dwarf galaxy at z=0.57
• The large-scale distribution of ionized metals in IllustrisTNG
• Kinematic analysis of an Ultra-Strong MgII absorber at z~1.13 linking to Circumgalactic Gas Structures
• The CUBES Science Case
• Echoes of the past: ultra-high energy cosmic rays accelerated by radio galaxies, scattered by starburst galaxies
• The intergalactic medium in the cosmic web
• Ultraviolet Perspectives on Diffuse Gas in the Largest Cosmic Structures
• Mainly on the Plane: Observing the Extended, Ionized Disks of Milky Way Analogs in IllustrisTNG
• Baryonic Ecosystem IN Galaxies (BEINGMgII) -- III. Cool gas reservoirs at $0.3\le z\le 1.6$ in the Dark Energy Survey
• QED V: Variations in metal loading of galactic winds with element nucleosynthetic origin
• Probing possible effects of circumgalactic media on the metal content of galaxies through the mass-metallicity relationship
• Oxyster: A Circumgalactic Low-ionization Oxygen Nebula next to a Starburst Galaxy at $z\sim 1$
• Intergalactic Medium Tomography with the Sunburst Arc