A 100-kiloparsec wind feeding the circumgalactic medium of a massive compact galaxy

Abstract

Ninety per cent of baryons are located outside galaxies, either in the circumgalactic or intergalactic medium. Theory points to galactic winds as the primary source of the enriched and massive circumgalactic medium. Winds from compact starbursts have been observed to flow to distances somewhat greater than ten kiloparsecs, but the circumgalactic medium typically extends beyond a hundred kiloparsecs. Here we report optical integral field observations of the massive but compact galaxy SDSS J211824.06+001729.4. The oxygen [O II] lines at wavelengths of 3726 and 3729 angstroms reveal an ionized outflow spanning 80 by 100 square kiloparsecs, depositing metal-enriched gas at 10,000 kelvin through an hourglass-shaped nebula that resembles an evacuated and limb-brightened bipolar bubble. We also observe neutral gas phases at temperatures of less than 10,000 kelvin reaching distances of 20 kiloparsecs and velocities of around 1,500 kilometres per second. This multi-phase outflow is probably driven by bursts of star formation, consistent with theory.

Authors' version of a Letter published in Nature on 30 October 2019; journal version at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1686-1

References in corpus (18)

• The Host Galaxies and Classification of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Infrared Emission from Interstellar Dust. IV. The Silicate-Graphite-PAH Model in the Post-Spitzer Era
• The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling I: The relevance of uncertain aspects of stellar evolution and the IMF to the derived physical properties of galaxies
• Improving the full spectrum fitting method: accurate convolution with Gauss-Hermite functions
• The Circumgalactic Medium
• The MAPPINGS III Library of Fast Radiative Shock Models
• The COS-Halos Survey: Physical Conditions and Baryonic Mass in the Low-Redshift Circumgalactic Medium
• The Discovery of 1000 km/s Outflows in Massive Post-starburst Galaxies at z=0.6
• High-Velocity Outflows Without AGN Feedback: Eddington-Limited Star Formation in Compact Massive Galaxies
• Large turbulent reservoirs of cold molecular gas around high-redshift starburst galaxies
• Storm in a "Teacup": a radio-quiet quasar with ~10kpc radio-emitting bubbles and extreme gas kinematics
• Buried AGNs in Advanced Mergers:Mid-infrared color selection as a dual AGN finder
• Stellar feedback as the origin of an extended molecular outflow in a starburst galaxy
• Massive Compact Galaxies with High-Velocity Outflows: Morphological Analysis and Constraints on AGN Activity
• Galaxy mergers moulding the circum-galactic medium - I. The impact of a major merger
• Ionised gas structure of 100 kpc in an over-dense region of the galaxy group COSMOS-Gr30 at z ~ 0.7
• A 100 kpc nebula associated with the "Teacup" fading quasar
• Physical and Morphological Properties of [O II] Emitting Galaxies in the HETDEX Pilot Survey

Cited by in corpus (62)

• Cool Outflows in Galaxies and their Implications
• The Structure of Multiphase Galactic Winds
• Optically-Thin Spatially-Resolved Mg II Emission Maps the Escape of Ionizing Photons
• The diverse cold molecular gas contents, morphologies, and kinematics of type-2 quasars as seen by ALMA
• X-ray bubbles in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies: signposts of supermassive black hole activity
• Circumgalactic Mg II Emission from an Isotropic Starburst Galaxy Outflow Mapped by KCWI
• MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) VIII. Discovery of a MgII emission halo probed by a quasar sightline
• First results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: The Warm Ionized Gas Outflow in z ~ 1.6 Quasar XID 2028 and its Impact on the Host Galaxy
• The cold circumgalactic medium in emission: MgII halos in TNG50
• Bipolar Outflows out to 10~kpc for Massive Galaxies at Redshift $z\approx 1$
• SUPER. VI. A giant molecular halo around a z~2 quasar
• Metal line emission from galaxy haloes at z~1
• A Comparison of Circumgalactic MgII Absorption between the TNG50 Simulation and the MEGAFLOW Survey
• The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: a first panoramic view of an Mg II emitting intragroup medium
• MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) IV: A two sightline tomography of a galactic wind
• Gas outflows in two recently quenched galaxies at z = 4 and 7
• An exquisitely deep view of quenching galaxies through the gravitational lens: Stellar population, morphology, and ionized gas
• Compact Starburst Galaxies with Fast Outflows: Central Escape Velocities and Stellar Mass Surface Densities from Multi-band Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
• A 60-kpc Galactic Wind Cone in NGC 3079
• The CGM at Cosmic Noon with KCWI: Outflows from a Star-forming Galaxy at z=2.071
• Physical Properties of Massive Compact Starburst Galaxies with Extreme Outflows
• Empirical constraints on the turbulence in QSO host nebulae from velocity structure function measurements
• The Effect of Bi-conical Outflows on Ly$\alpha$ Escape From Green Peas
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey. Discovery of a 15 kpc-long gas plume in a $z=4.54$ Lyman-$\alpha$ blob
• A Complex Multiphase DLA Associated with a Compact Group at z=2.431 Traces Accretion, Outflows, and Tidal Streams
• Probing the Inner Circumgalactic Medium and Quasar Illumination around the Reddest `Extremely Red Quasar' (ERQ)
• Self-ionizing galactic winds
• Directly tracing cool filamentary accretion over >100 kpc into the interstellar medium of a quasar host at z=1
• MUSE-ALMA Haloes VII: Survey Science Goals & Design, Data Processing and Final Catalogues
• Kinematics, Structure, and Mass Outflow Rates of Extreme Starburst Galactic Outflows
• An emission map of the disk-circumgalactic medium transition in starburst IRAS 08339+6517
• eDIG-CHANGES I: Extended Hα Emission from the Extraplanar Diffuse Ionized Gas (eDIG) around CHANG-ES Galaxies
• The Anatomy of a Turbulent Radiative Mixing Layer: Insights from an Analytic Model with Turbulent Conduction and Viscosity
• Cold and Hot gas distribution around the Milky-Way-M31 system in the HESTIA simulations
• A 30 kpc Spatially Extended Clumpy and Asymmetric Galactic Outflow at z $\sim$ 1.7
• Molecular Gas Outflow in the Starburst Galaxy NGC 1482
• The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) II: Discovery of an H${}_2$-Bearing DLA in the Vicinity of an Early-Type Galaxy at z = 0.576
• KCWI observations of the extended nebulae in Mrk 273
• Linking Mg II and [O II] spatial distribution to ionizing photon escape in confirmed LyC leakers and non-leakers
• Orientation effects on cool gas absorption from gravitational-arc tomography of a z = 0.77 disc galaxy
• The Ionization and Dynamics of the Makani Galactic Wind
• Investigating the impact of quasar-driven outflows on galaxies at redshift 0.3-0.4
• Spatially resolved observations of outflows in the radio loud AGN of UGC 8782
• Exploring the Dust Content of Galactic Halos with Herschel. IV. NGC 3079
• Deviations from the Infrared-Radio Correlation in Massive, Ultra-compact Starburst Galaxies
• The Baltimore Oriole's Nest: Cool Winds from the Inner and Outer Parts of a Star-Forming Galaxy at z=1.3
• Absorption-based Circumgalactic Medium Line Emission Estimates
• Direct high-resolution observation of feedback and chemical enrichment in the circumgalactic medium at redshift z ~ 2.8
• DESI Massive Post-Starburst Galaxies at $\mathbf{z}\sim 1.2$ have compact structures and dense cores
• Seeing the forest and the trees: a radio investigation of the ULIRG Mrk 273
• The Space Density of Intermediate Redshift, Extremely Compact, Massive Starburst Galaxies
• Revealing the Gas Recycling in the Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) Utilizing a Luminous Ly$\alpha$ Nebula Around a Type-II Quasar at z=2.6 with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI)
• Spatially Resolved Circumgalactic Medium around a Star-Forming Galaxy Driving a Galactic Outflow at $z\approx 0.8$
• The GECKOS Survey: Resolved, multiphase observations of mass-loading and gas density in the galactic wind of NGC 4666
• AGN cool feedback and analogy with X-ray binaries: from radiation pressure to cosmic ray driven outflows
• Multiphase images of a powerful supernova-driven wind in the early Universe
• Massive black holes and their galaxies
• Oxyster: A Circumgalactic Low-ionization Oxygen Nebula next to a Starburst Galaxy at $z\sim 1$
• Modeling Emission-Line Surface Brightness in a Multiphase Galactic Wind: An O VI Case Study
• The Kinematics and Ionization Structure of the Extended Emission Line Region of QSO E1821+643
• Exploring the gaseous halos of z>3 radio galaxies with UVES and JWST/NIRSpec
• Implication of a galaxy-scale negative feedback by one of the most powerful multi-phase outflows in a hyper-luminous infrared galaxy at the intermediate redshift