Feedback and Recycled Wind Accretion: Assembling the z=0 Galaxy Mass Function

Abstract

We analyse cosmological hydrodynamic simulations that include observationally-constrained prescriptions for galactic outflows. If these simulated winds accurately represent winds in the real Universe, then material previously ejected in winds provides the dominant source of gas infall for new star formation at redshifts z<1. This recycled wind accretion, or wind mode, provides a third physically distinct accretion channel in addition to the "hot" and "cold" modes emphasised in recent theoretical studies. Because of the interaction between outflows and gas in and around halos, the recycling timescale of wind material (t_rec) is shorter in higher-mass systems, which reside in denser gaseous environments. In these simulations, this differential recycling plays a central role in shaping the present-day galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF). If we remove all particles that were ever ejected in a wind, then the predicted GSMFs are much steeper than observed; galaxy masses are suppressed both by the direct removal of gas and by the hydrodynamic heating of their surroundings, which reduces subsequent infall. With wind recycling included, the simulation that incorporates our favoured momentum-driven wind scalings reproduces the observed GSMF for stellar masses 10^9 < M < 5x10^10 Msolar. At higher masses, wind recycling leads to excessive galaxy masses and excessive star formation rates relative to observations. In these massive systems, some quenching mechanism must suppress the re-accretion of gas ejected from star-forming galaxies. In short, as has long been anticipated, the form of the GSMF is governed by outflows; the unexpected twist here for our simulated winds is that it is not primarily the ejection of material but how the ejected material is re-accreted that governs the GSMF.

16 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS

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• Physical properties of galaxies: toward a consistent comparison between hydrodynamical simulations and SDSS
• Smoothing Rotation Curves and Mass Profiles
• The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey VII: The Bivariate Neutral Hydrogen-Stellar Mass Function for Massive Galaxies
• Diffuse Far-UV Line Emission from the Low-Redshift Lyman Break Galaxy Analog KISSR242
• Evolution of the Gas Mass Fraction of Progenitors to Today's Massive Galaxies: ALMA Observations in the CANDELS GOODS-S Field
• Significant Molecular Gas Deficiencies in Star-forming Cluster Galaxies at $z\sim 1.4$
• Molecular Gas Outflow in the Starburst Galaxy NGC 1482
• Gas Accretion and Galactic Chemical Evolution: Theory and Observations
• Investigating the Covering Fraction Distribution of Swift/BAT AGN with X-ray and IR Observations
• The Diversity of Growth Histories of Milky Way-mass Galaxies
• Mufasa:The strength and evolution of galaxy conformity in various tracers
• The Robustness of Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulation Predictions to Changes in Numerics and Cooling Physics
• The Effects of X-Ray and UV Background Radiation on the Low-Mass Slope of the Galaxy Mass Function
• Galactic coronae in Milky Way-like galaxies: the role of stellar feedback in gas accretion
• Entrainment of Hot Gas into Cold Streams: The Origin of Excessive Star-formation Rates at Cosmic Noon
• MUSE unravels the ionisation and origin of metal enriched absorbers in the gas halo of a z = 2.92 radio galaxy
• Barlenses in the CALIFA survey: combining the photometric and stellar population analysis
• Simplified galaxy formation with mesh-less hydrodynamics
• A warm mode of gas accretion on forming galaxies
• Probing Hot Gas Components of Circumgalactic Medium in Cosmological Simulations with the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
• Understanding the Observed Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function from z=6-10 in the Context of Hierarchical Structure Formation
• What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? Open Questions in Our Understanding of Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• Star Formation and Gas Phase History of the Cosmic Web
• Mechanical feedback from stellar winds with an application to galaxy formation at high redshift
• HIghMass - High HI Mass, HI-Rich Galaxies at $z\sim 0$: Combined HI and H${}_2$ Observations
• Column Density Profiles of Cold Clouds Driven by Galactic Outflows
• SDSS IV MaNGA -- Star-Formation Driven Biconical Outflows in the Local Univers
• Anisotropic Galactic Outflows and Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium. II. Numerical Simulations
• The Origin and Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation using GalICS
• Recent progress in simulating galaxy formation from the largest to the smallest scales
• No evidence for feedback: Unexceptional Low-ionization winds in Host galaxies of Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei at Redshift z ~1
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: A serendipitous observation of a potential gas accretion event
• Revealing the Nature of a Lyman-$\alpha$ Halo in a Strongly Lensed Interacting System at $z=2.92$
• Star Formation Variability as a Probe for the Baryon Cycle within Galaxies
• JWST Observations of Starbursts: Relations between PAH features and CO clouds in the starburst galaxy M 82
• Metal content of the circumgalactic medium around star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 2.6 as revealed by the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey
• Testing the Breathing Mode in Intermediate Mass Galaxies and its Predicted Star Formation Rate-Size Anti-Correlation
• The $M-\sigma$ relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
• Gas Accretion Traced in Absorption in Galaxy Spectroscopy
• Interpreting the Si II and C II line spectra from the COS Legacy Spectroscopic SurveY using a virtual galaxy from a high-resolution radiation-hydrodynamic simulation
• A VLT/FORS2 Narrowband Imaging Search for MgII Emission Around z ~ 0.7 Galaxies
• Origin of the Galaxy Mass-Metallicity-Star-Formation Relation
• Gas Accretion via Lyman Limit Systems
• The Impact of Wind Scalings on Stellar Growth and the Baryon Cycle in Cosmological Simulations
• The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: Detection of Inflowing Gas Towards Three Star-forming Galaxies at z ~ 2
• Dynamic equilibrium sets atomic content of galaxies across cosmic time
• Dusty Cloud Acceleration with Multiband Radiation
• Discovery of extremely low-metallicity circumgalactic gas at $z=0.5$ toward Q0454-220
• The Baltimore Oriole's Nest: Cool Winds from the Inner and Outer Parts of a Star-Forming Galaxy at z=1.3
• Cosmological gas accretion history onto the stellar discs of Milky Way-like galaxies in the Auriga simulations -- (I) Temporal dependency
• Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies -- VIII. Argon abundance estimates
• Direct high-resolution observation of feedback and chemical enrichment in the circumgalactic medium at redshift z ~ 2.8
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: understanding observations of large-scale outflows at low redshift with EAGLE simulations
• Kinematics of dwarf galaxies in gas-rich groups, and the survival and detectability of tidal dwarf galaxies
• Probing the circumgalactic medium of active galactic nuclei with background quasars
• Observational Diagnostics of Gas Flows: Insights from Cosmological Simulations
• Turn-off of Deuterium Astration in the Recent Star Formation of the Galaxy Disk
• A Giant Green Pea Identified in the Spectroscopy of Spatially Extended [OIII] Sources
• Bursty star formation feedback and cooling outflows
• On the effective oxygen yield in the disks of spiral galaxies
• Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation - IX. Economics of reionizing galaxies
• Revealing the Gas Recycling in the Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) Utilizing a Luminous Ly$\alpha$ Nebula Around a Type-II Quasar at z=2.6 with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI)
• ALPINE: A Large Survey to Understand Teenage Galaxies
• Anatomy of galactic star formation history: Roles of different modes of gas accretion, feedback, and recycling
• CO emissions from optically selected galaxies at z~0.1-0.2: Tight anti-correlation between molecular gas fraction and 4000 Åbreak strength
• The Circular Velocity Function of Group Galaxies
• Physical Conditions of the Ionized Superwind in NGC 253 with VLT/MUSE
• On the Metallicities and Kinematics of the Circumgalactic Media of Damped Ly$\alpha$ Systems at $z\sim 2.5$
• Insights into environmental quenching at $z\sim 1$: an enhancement of faint, low-mass passive galaxies in clusters
• VALES VIII: Weak ionized gas outflows in star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 0.15$ traced with VLT/MUSE
• Galactic chimney sweeping: the effect of 'gradual' stellar feedback mechanisms on the evolution of dwarf galaxies
• The slope and scatter of the star forming main sequence at z~5 : reconciling observations with simulations
• The imprint of magnetic fields on absorption spectra from circumgalactic wind-cloud systems
• Constraining galactic baryon cycle using the galaxy stellar-to-halo mass relations
• HI vs. H$\alpha$ - Comparing the Kinematic Tracers in Modeling the Initial Conditions of the Mice
• The Circumgalactic Medium from the CAMELS Simulations: Forecasting Constraints on Feedback Processes from Future Sunyaev-Zeldovich Observations
• You Are What You Eat: The Circumgalactic Medium Around BreakBRD Galaxies has Low Mass and Angular Momentum
• A positive correlation between broad HI Ly$\alpha$ absorptions and local overdensities of galaxies
• Sources of X-rays from galaxies
• A New Model For Including Galactic Winds in Simulations of Galaxy Formation II: Implementation of PhEW in Cosmological Simulations
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Exploring the local scaling relations for N/O
• Rapidly Star-forming Galaxies At High Redshifts
• Selecting Post-Starburst Galaxies Based on Star Formation History
• Momentum deposition of supernovae with cosmic rays
• Suppression of galactic outflows by cosmological infall and circumgalactic medium
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Deconstructing the galaxy stellar mass function by star formation and environment
• The circum-galactic medium of quasars: transverse and line-of-sight absorptions