Kinematics of the Circumgalactic Medium of a $z=0.77$ Galaxy from MgII Tomography

Abstract

Galaxy evolution is thought to be driven in large part by the flow of gas between galaxies and the circumgalactic medium (CGM), a halo of metal-enriched gas extending out to $\gtrsim 100$ kpc from each galaxy. Studying the spatial structure of the CGM holds promise for understanding these gas flow mechanisms; however, the common method using background quasar sightlines provides minimal spatial information. Recent works have shown the utility of extended background sources such as giant gravitationally lensed arcs. Using background lensed arcs from the CSWA 38 lens system, we continuously probed, at a resolution element of about 15 kpc${}^2$, the spatial and kinematic distribution of MgII absorption in a star-forming galaxy at $z=0.77$ (stellar mass $\approx 10^{9.7}$ M${}_{\odot }$, star formation rate $\approx 10$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$) at impact parameters $D\simeq 5-30$ kpc. Our results present an anisotropic, optically thick medium whose absorption strength decreases with increasing impact parameter, in agreement with the statistics towards quasars and other gravitational arcs. Furthermore, we find generally low line-of-sight velocities in comparison to the relatively high velocity dispersion in the MgII gas (with typical $\sigma \approx 50$ km s${}^{-1}$). While the galaxy itself exhibits a clear outflow (with MgII velocities up to $\sim 500$ km s${}^{-1}$) in the down-the-barrel spectrum, the outflow component is sub-dominant and only weakly detected at larger impact parameters probed by the background arcs. Our results provide evidence of mainly dispersion-supported, metal-enriched gas recycling through the CGM.

27 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables

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• Unveiling the population of dual- and lensed- AGNs at sub-arcsec separations
• A Comparison of Circumgalactic MgII Absorption between the TNG50 Simulation and the MEGAFLOW Survey
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• Orientation effects on cool gas absorption from gravitational-arc tomography of a z = 0.77 disc galaxy
• Directly constraining the spatial coherence of the $z\sim 1$ circumgalactic medium
• Revealing the Nature of a Lyman-$\alpha$ Halo in a Strongly Lensed Interacting System at $z=2.92$
• Metal content of the circumgalactic medium around star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 2.6 as revealed by the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey
• Nature of the Galaxies On Top Of Quasars producing MgII absorption
• Molecular gas budget and characterization of intermediate-mass star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 2-3$
• Transverse clues on the kpc-scale structure of the circumgalactic medium as traced by C IV absorption
• The multiple coherence scales of C IV at cosmic noon
• Modelling gas around galaxy pairs and groups using the Q0107 quasar triplet
• A z$\sim$1 galactic-scale outflow transversally mapped to $\sim$50 kpc through gravitational-arc tomography
• Constraining the Size of the Circumgalactic Medium Using the Transverse Autocorrelation Function of C IV Absorbers in Paired Quasar Spectra
• Intergalactic Medium Tomography with the Sunburst Arc
• The AGEL Survey: Spectroscopic Confirmation of Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DES and DECaLS Fields Selected Using Convolutional Neural Networks