High-energy gamma-ray and neutrino production in star-forming galaxies across cosmic time: Difficulties in explaining the IceCube data

Abstract

We present a new theoretical modeling to predict luminosity and spectrum of gamma-ray and neutrino emission of a star-forming galaxy, from star formation rate ($\psi$), gas mass ($M_{\mathrm{gas}}$), stellar mass, and disk size, taking into account production, propagation and interactions of cosmic rays. The model reproduces the observed gamma-ray luminosities of nearby galaxies detected by {\it Fermi} better than the simple power-law models as a function of $\psi$ or $\psi M_{\mathrm{gas}}$. Then this model is used to predict the cosmic background flux of gamma-ray and neutrinos from star-forming galaxies, by using a semi-analytical model of cosmological galaxy formation that reproduces many observed quantities of local and high-redshift galaxies. Calibration of the model using gamma-ray luminosities of nearby galaxies allows us to make a more reliable prediction than previous studies. In our baseline model star-forming galaxies produce about 20% of isotropic gamma-ray background unresolved by {\it Fermi}, and only 0.5% of IceCube neutrinos. Even with an extreme model assuming a hard injection cosmic-ray spectral index of 2.0 for all galaxies, at most 22% of IceCube neutrinos can be accounted for. These results indicate that it is difficult to explain most of IceCube neutrinos by star-forming galaxies, without violating the gamma-ray constraints from nearby galaxies.

9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PASJ

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Cited by in corpus (30)

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• The $\gamma$-ray Emission of Star-Forming Galaxies
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• Contribution of starburst nuclei to the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino flux
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• A Combined Astrophysical and Dark Matter Interpretation of the IceCube HESE and Throughgoing Muon Events
• Gamma rays as probes of cosmic-ray propagation and interactions in galaxies
• Multi-messenger tests of cosmic-ray acceleration in radiatively inefficient accretion flows
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• Are starburst galaxies a common source of high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays?
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• The Limited Contribution of Low- and High-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts to Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
• Investigating the correlations between IceCube high-energy neutrinos and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations
• Observable Signatures of Cosmic Rays Transport in Starburst Galaxies on Gamma-ray and Neutrino Observations
• Modeling of Cosmic-Ray Production and Transport and Estimation of Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Emissions in Starburst Galaxies
• A Search for Neutrino Point-Source Populations in 7 Years of IceCube Data with Neutrino-count Statistics
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• Prospects of newly detecting nearby star-forming galaxies by the Cherenkov Telescope Array
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• Investigating the correlations between IceCube high-energy neutrinos and Fermi-LAT $\gamma$-ray observations. II
• Hunting Star-Forming Galaxies in the Gamma-Ray Domain
• Revisiting Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei as an Origin of Cosmic Gamma-ray and Neutrino Backgrounds
• Particle Astrophysics with High and Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos