Modeling of Cosmic-Ray Production and Transport and Estimation of Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Emissions in Starburst Galaxies

Abstract

Starburst galaxies (SBGs) with copious massive stars and supernova (SN) explosions are the sites of active cosmic-ray production. Based on the predictions of nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration theory, we model the cosmic-ray proton (CRP) production by both pre-SN stellar winds (SWs) and supernova remnants (SNRs) from core-collapse SNe inside the starburst nucleus. Adopting different models for the transport of CRPs, we estimate the $\gamma$-ray and neutrino emissions due to $pp$ collisions from nearby SBGs such as M82, NGC253, and Arp220. We find that with the current $\gamma$-rays observations by Fermi-LAT, Veritas, and H.E.S.S., it would be difficult to constrain CRP production and transport models. Yet, the observations are better reproduced with (1) the combination of the single power-law (PL) momentum distribution for SNR-produced CRPs and the diffusion model in which the CRP diffusion is mediated by the strong Kolmogorov-type turbulence of $\delta B/B\sim 1$, and (2) the combination of the double PL model for SNR-produced CRPs and the diffusion model in which the scattering of CRPs is controlled mostly by self-excited waves rather than the pre-existing turbulence. The contribution of SW-produced CRPs could be substantial in Arp220, where the star formation rate is higher and the slope of the initial mass function would be flatter. We suggest that M82 and NGC253 might be detectable as point sources of high-energy neutrinos in the upcoming KM3NET and IceCube-Gen2, when optimistic models are applied. Future observations of neutrinos as well as $\gamma$-rays would provide constraints for the production and diffusion of CRPs in SBGs.

To appear in ApJ

References in corpus (16)

• All-sky search for time-integrated neutrino emission from astrophysical sources with 7 years of IceCube data
• A connection between star formation activity and cosmic rays in the starburst galaxy M 82
• Detection of Gamma Rays From a Starburst Galaxy
• Star-forming galaxies as the origin of diffuse high-energy backgrounds: Gamma-ray and neutrino connections, and implications for starburst history
• The extragalactic background light revisited and the cosmic photon-photon opacity
• Dynamical Feedback of Self-generated Magnetic Fields in Cosmic Ray Modified Shocks
• The optimally-sampled galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function - Observational tests and the publicly available GalIMF code
• The $\gamma$-ray Emission of Star-Forming Galaxies
• Cosmic ray transport in starburst galaxies
• High-energy particles and radiation in star-forming regions
• Magnetic field amplification in nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration including resonant and non-resonant cosmic-ray driven instabilities
• Kinetic Simulations of Cosmic-Ray-Modified Shocks II: Particle Spectra
• Turbulence Dissipation and Particle Injection in Non-Linear Diffusive Shock Acceleration with Magnetic Field Amplification
• Self-Similar Evolution of Cosmic-Ray-Modified Quasi-Parallel Plane Shocks
• High-energy processes in starburst-driven winds
• Search for Astronomical Neutrinos from Blazar TXS0506+056 in Super-Kamiokande

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Starburst galaxies strike back: a multi-messenger analysis with Fermi-LAT and IceCube data
• Common envelope jets supernovae with a black hole companion as possible high energy neutrino sources
• Could nearby star-forming galaxies light up the point-like neutrino sky?
• The cosmic ray ionisation and $\gamma$-ray budgets of star-forming galaxies
• Gamma-ray Emission from Galaxies Hosting Molecular Outflows
• The extragalactic $\gamma$-ray background: imprints from the physical properties and evolution of star-forming galaxy populations
• Could the TeV emission of starburst galaxies originate from pulsar wind nebulae?