The Similarity of Abundance Ratio Trends and Nucleosynthetic Patterns in the Milky Way Disk and Bulge

Abstract

We compare abundance ratio trends in a sample of $\sim 11,000$ Milky Way bulge stars ($R_{\mathrm{GC}}<3$ kpc) from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) to those of APOGEE stars in the Galactic disk ($5$ kpc $<R_{\mathrm{GC}}<11$ kpc). We divide each sample into low-Ia (high-[Mg/Fe]) and high-Ia (low-[Mg/Fe]) populations, and in each population we examine the median trends of [X/Mg] vs. [Mg/H] for elements X = Fe, O, Na, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Ce. To remove small systematic trends of APOGEE abundances with stellar $\log (g)$, we resample the disk stars to match the $\log (g)$ distributions of the bulge data. After doing so, we find nearly identical median trends for low-Ia disk and bulge stars for all elements. High-Ia trends are similar for most elements, with noticeable (0.05-0.1 dex) differences for Mn, Na, and Co. The close agreement of abundance trends (with typical differences $\lesssim 0.03$ dex) implies that similar nucleosynthetic processes enriched bulge and disk stars despite the different star formation histories and physical conditions of these regions. For example, we infer that differences in the high mass slope of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) between disk and bulge must have been $\lesssim 0.30$. This agreement, and the generally small scatter about the median sequences, means that one can predict all of a bulge star's APOGEE abundances with good accuracy knowing only its measured [Mg/Fe] and [Mg/H] and the observed trends of disk stars.

32 pages, 22 figures, 5 tables

References in corpus (28)

• The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The GALAH Survey: Scientific Motivation
• APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Spectrographs
• Galactic Chemical Evolution and solar s-process abundances: dependence on the 13C-pocket structure
• Target Selection for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 Survey
• The Landscape of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Neutron Star and Black Hole Mass Functions, Explosion Energies and Nickel Yields
• Evidence from APOGEE for the presence of a major building block of the halo buried in the inner Galaxy
• Oxygen, Sodium, Magnesium and Aluminium as tracers of the Galactic Bulge Formation
• The GALAH Survey: Observational Overview and Gaia DR1 companion
• Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars from the HARPS GTO planet search program II: Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Ce, Nd and Eu
• Chemical similarities between Galactic bulge and local thick disk red giant stars
• Light, Alpha, and Fe-Peak Element Abundances in the Galactic Bulge
• Chemical Evolution of the Galactic Bulge as Derived from High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of K and M Red Giants
• Formation & evolution of the Galactic bulge: constraints from stellar abundances
• How Many Components? Quantifying the Complexity of the Metallicity Distribution in the Milky Way Bulge with APOGEE
• NLTE for APOGEE: Simultaneous Multi-Element NLTE Radiative Transfer
• The bimodal [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H] bulge sequence as revealed by APOGEE DR14
• Phosphorus-rich stars with unusual abundances are challenging theoretical predictions
• Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra -- IV. Zr, La, Ce, Eu
• Abundances of disk and Bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra III. Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni
• The Milky Way's bulge star formation history as constrained from its bimodal chemical abundance distribution
• Abundances of disk and bulge giants from hi-res optical spectra: II. O, Mg, Ca, and Ti in the bulge sample
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic Center
• The AMBRE Project: Spectrum normalisation influence on Mg abundances in the metal-rich Galactic disc
• HERBS I: Metallicity and alpha enhancement along the Galactic bulge minor axis
• HERBS II: Detailed chemical compositions of Galactic bulge stars
• The chemical properties of the Milky Way's on-bar and off-bar regions: evidence for inhomogeneous star formation history in the bulge

Cited by in corpus (38)

• APOGEE Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Massive Milky Way Satellites
• Final Targeting Strategy for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2S Survey
• Unveiling the time evolution of chemical abundances across the Milky Way disk with APOGEE
• Gravitational wave sources in our Galactic backyard: Predictions for BHBH, BHNS and NSNS binaries detectable with LISA
• How Many Elements Matter?
• Stellar Abundance Maps of the Milky Way Disk
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Mapping Disk Populations with a Two-Process Model and Residual Abundances
• The homogeneity of the star forming environment of the Milky Way disk over time
• Quantifying radial migration in the Milky Way: Inefficient over short timescales but essential to the very outer disc beyond ~15 kpc
• The Impact of Black Hole Formation on Population Averaged Supernova Yields
• Residual Abundances in GALAH DR3: Implications for Nucleosynthesis and Identification of Unique Stellar Populations
• The cerium content of the Milky Way as revealed by Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec abundances
• Universal properties of the high- and low-α disk: small intrinsic abundance scatter and migrating stars
• A new set of chisels for Galactic archaeology: Sc, V and Zn as taggers of accreted globular clusters
• Spinning up the Surface: Evidence for Planetary Engulfment or Unexpected Angular Momentum Transport?
• On the likelihoods of finding very metal-poor (and old) stars in the Milky Way's disc, bulge, and halo
• Chemical Cartography with APOGEE: Two-process Parameters and Residual Abundances for 288,789 Stars from Data Release 17
• The chemical enrichment of the Milky Way disk evaluated using conditional abundances
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars. VIII. Carbon and oxygen
• The in situ origin of the globular cluster NGC 6388 from abundances of Sc, V, and Zn of a large sample of stars
• Untangling the Sources of Abundance Dispersion in Low-Metallicity Stars
• Empirical Constraints on Core Collapse Supernova Yields using Very Metal Poor Damped Lyman Alpha Absorbers
• Rediscovering the Milky Way with orbit superposition approach and APOGEE data II. Chrono-chemo-kinematics of the disc
• Sulfur abundances in three Galactic clusters: Ruprecht 106, Trumpler 5 and Trumpler 20
• Measuring Dwarf Galaxy Intrinsic Abundance Scatter with Mid-resolution Spectroscopic Surveys: Calibrating APOGEE Abundance Errors
• Are Milky-Way-like galaxies like the Milky Way? A view from SDSS-IV/MaNGA
• Individual element sensitivity for stellar evolutionary isochrones
• Stellar Migration and Chemical Enrichment in the Milky Way Disc: A Hybrid Model
• Revisiting the Perseus Cluster I: Resolving the Si/S/Ar/Ca ratios by Stellar Convection
• The multi-zone chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge: predicting abundances for different radial zones
• Reconstructing the Milky Way chemical map with Galactic Chemical Evolution tool OMEGA+ from SDSS-MWM
• Elemental Abundances of Kepler Objects of Interest in APOGEE DR17
• Milky Way Mapper decoded abundances -- I. Shared disc enrichment patterns
• The Two-infall Model Revisited: Constraints on Milky Way Bulge Assembly from >30,000 Galactic Chemical Evolution Models and Machine Learning
• Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) IV: Metallicity Distributions and Bulge Structure from 2.6 Million Red Clump Stars
• Neutron-capture elements record the ordered chemical evolution of the disc over time
• Sulfur abundances in the Galactic bulge and disk
• The Multiband Imaging Survey for High-Alpha PlanetS (MISHAPS) I: Preliminary Constraints on the Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters in 47 Tucanae