A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic Center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty
arXiv:1904.05721 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935656
Abstract
We present a 0.16% precise and 0.27% accurate determination of R0, the distance to the Galactic Center. Our measurement uses the star S2 on its 16-year orbit around the massive black hole Sgr A* that we followed astrometrically and spectroscopically for 27 years. Since 2017, we added near-infrared interferometry with the VLTI beam combiner GRAVITY, yielding a direct measurement of the separation vector between S2 and Sgr A* with an accuracy as good as 20 micro-arcsec in the best cases. S2 passed the pericenter of its highly eccentric orbit in May 2018, and we followed the passage with dense sampling throughout the year. Together with our spectroscopy, in the best cases with an error of 7 km/s, this yields a geometric distance estimate: R0 = 8178 +- 13(stat.) +- 22(sys.) pc. This work updates our previous publication in which we reported the first detection of the gravitational redshift in the S2 data. The redshift term is now detected with a significance level of 20 sigma with f_redshift = 1.04 +- 0.05.
arXiv comment9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to A&A
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- Photometric Classification of Stars Around the Milky Way's Central Black Hole: I. Central Parsec
- Revisiting Primordial Black Hole Capture by Neutron Stars
- Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. III. Interaction rates
- Galactic black hole immersed in a dark halo with its surrounding thin accretion disk
- Resolving the Vicinity of Supermassive Black Holes with Gravitational Microlensing
- Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal) II. Unveiling the formation and evolution of the kinematically selected Thick and Thin Discs
- How to create Sgr A East: Where did the supernova explode?
- Prospects for Detecting Gaps in Globular Cluster Stellar Streams in External Galaxies with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
- X-raying molecular clouds with a short flare: probing statistics of gas density and velocity fields
- Peeking beneath the precision floor -- II. Probing the chemo-dynamical histories of the potential globular cluster siblings, NGC 288 and NGC 362
- Polarized signatures of adiabatically expanding hotspots in Sgr A*'s accretion flow
- Calibrating the BHB Star Distance Scale and the Halo Kinematic Distance to the Galactic Centre
- Fireball anti-nucleosynthesis
- Three-dimensional analysis of the Minispiral at the Galactic Center: orbital parameters, periods and the mass of the black hole
- A determination of the LMC dark matter subhalo mass using the MW halo stars in its gravitational wake
- Evolution of eccentric stellar disks around supermassive black holes: the complex disk disruption dynamics and the milliparsec stars
- A mean density of for Central Molecular Zone clumps -- Evidences for shear-enabled pressure equilibrium in the Galactic Center
- Nonthermal filaments from the tidal destruction of clouds in the Galactic center
- Determining Satellite Infall Times Using Machine Learning
- Equilibrium axisymmetric halo model for the Milky Way and its implications for direct and indirect DM searches
- Parameters of the Galactic Spiral Density Wave from Masers with Parallax Errors Less Than 10%
- Unscreening of f(R) gravity near the galactic center black hole: Testability through pericenter shift below S0-2's orbit
- CO line observations of OH/IR stars in the inner Galactic Bulge: Characteristics of stars at the tip of the AGB
- The formation and stability of a cold disc made out of stellar winds in the Galactic Centre
- The physical and chemical structure of Sagittarius B2, VIII. Full molecular line survey of hot cores
- The Galactic Bulge exploration IV.: RR~Lyrae stars as traces of the Galactic bar -- 3D and 5D analysis, extinction variation
- Detection of a 20 minute time lag observed from Sgr A* between 8 and 10 GHz with the VLA
- Study of the Galactic Rotation Based on Masers and Radio Stars with VLBI Measurements of Their Parallaxes
- A Milliarcsecond-accurate Position for Sagittarius A*
- First Light for the GRAVITY+ Adaptive Optics: Extreme Adaptive Optics for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer
- The initial conditions for young massive cluster formation in the Galactic Centre: convergence of large-scale gas flows
- The Effects of Tilt on the Time Variability of Millimeter and Infrared Emission from Sagittarius A*
- Probing Axial Symmetry Breaking in the Galaxy with Gaia Data Release 2
- The -metric naked singularity: A viable explanation for the nature of the central object in the Milky Way
- Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs -- VIII. The first age benchmark L subdwarf, a wide companion to a halo white dwarf
- Growing a nuclear star cluster from star formation and cluster mergers: The JWST NIRSpec view of NGC 4654
- Imaging the event horizon of M87* from space on different timescales
- Clustering of Local Group distances: publication bias or correlated measurements? VI. Extending to Virgo cluster distances
- Revealing the Physical Conditions around Sgr A* using Bayesian Inference -- I. Observations and Radiative Transfer
- The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot Survey: VII. Six millisecond pulsars in compact orbits with massive white dwarf companions
- Detection of positron in-flight annihilation from the Galaxy
- Concept for a Space-based Near-Solar Neutrino Detector
- Compact Binary Merger Rate with Modified Gravity in Dark-Matter Spikes
- A Gaia based photometric and kinematic analysis of the old open cluster King 11
- Mapping the Distant and Metal-Poor Milky Way with SDSS-V
- Kinematic structure of the Milky Way galaxy, near the spiral arm tangents
- Trigonometric parallax and proper motion of Sagittarius A* measured by VERA using the new broad-band back-end system OCTAVE-DAS
- Predicted Trends in Milky Way Bulge Proper Motion Rotation Curves: future Prospects for HST and LSST
- Dynamical streams in the local stellar halo
- Sky location of Galactic white dwarf binaries in space-based gravitational wave detection
- On the Galactic radio signal from stimulated decay of axion dark matter
- Axial Asymmetry Studies in Gaia Data Release 2 Yield the Pattern Speed of the Galactic Bar
- Molecular Fraction in the Galactic Center: The Central Molecular and HI Zones
- Towards a fully consistent Milky Way disk model V. The disk model for 4 14 kpc
- Orbital precession of stars in the Galactic center
- The oldest stars with low neutron-capture element abundances and origins in ancient dwarf galaxies
- The present-day cosmic phosphorus abundance
- Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope II. The Zingularity framework for Bayesian artificial neural networks
- Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope I. Calibration improvements and a comprehensive synthetic data library
- HCN =4-3, HNC =1-0, =1-0, and =10-9 Maps of Galactic Center Region II.: Physical Properties of Dense Gas Clumps and Probability of Star Formation
- Atomic Carbon in the Central Molecular Zone of the Milky Way : Possible Cosmic-ray Induced Chemistry or Time-Dependent Chemistry Associated with SNR Sagittarius A East
- New Evidence for a Flux-independent Spectral Index of Sgr A* in the Near-infrared
- Kerr-scalaron metric and astronomical consequences near the Galactic Center black hole
- Arm Tangents and the spiral structure of the Milky Way ; the Age Gradient
- A VLA Study of Newly-Discovered Southern Latitude Non-Thermal Filaments in the Galactic Center: Radio Continuum Total-intensity and Spectral Index Properties
- Estimating the mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes by employing a general relativistic method
- The emptiness inside: Finding gaps, valleys, and lacunae with geometric data analysis
- IIb or not IIb: A Catalog of ZTF Kilonova Imposters
- Double progenitor origin of the S-star cluster
- A Simulation Based Inference Approach to the Dynamics of the MW-LMC System -- Validation
- Constraints on Axion-like Particles from the gamma-ray observation of the Galactic Center
- Pushing the boundaries of asteroseismic individual frequency modelling: unveiling two evolved very-low metallicity red giants
- Effects of the general relativistic spin precessions on the habitability of rogue planets orbiting supermassive black holes
- Chemodynamical Ages of Small-Scale Kinematic Structures of the Galactic Disc in the Solar Neighborhood from ~250,000 K and M Dwarfs
- Monitoring the Size and Flux Density of Sgr A* during the Active State in 2019 with East Asian VLBI Network
- Dynamical mirages: how bar-induced resonant trapping can mimic substructure clustering in dynamical parameter spaces
- Simulation-based population inference of LISA's Galactic binaries: Bypassing the global fit
- AMS-02 antiprotons and dark matter: Trimmed hints and robust bounds
- Reconstructing the Milky Way chemical map with Galactic Chemical Evolution tool OMEGA+ from SDSS-MWM
- Runaway BN supergiant star HD 93840: Progenitor of an imminent core-collapse supernova above the Galactic plane
- Infrared interferometry to spatially and spectrally resolve jets in X-ray binaries
- Estimation of the Galactocentric Distance of the Sun from Cepheids Close to the Solar Circle
- Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. IV. Guests in the outer Solar System
- Autonomous Gaussian decomposition of the Galactic Ring Survey. II. The Galactic distribution of 13CO
- Kinematic origin of white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood
- Superposing the Magnetic spiral structure of the Milky Way, on the stellar spiral arms -- Matching the unique galactic magnetic field reversal Zone with two galactic spiral arm Segments
- Statistical Analysis of the Probability of Interaction of Globular Clusters with Each Other and with the Galactic Center on the Cosmological Time Scale According to Gaia DR2 Data
- Test for LISA foreground Gaussianity and stationarity: galactic white-dwarf binaries
- Probing the global 21-cm background by velocity-induced dipole and quadrupole anisotropies
- Globular clusters in \textsc{OrbIT}: complete dynamical characterisation of the globular cluster population of the Milky Way through updated orbital reconstruction
- Kinematic Properties of Young Intermediate- and Low-Mass Stars from the Gaia DR2 Catalogue
- Estimation of Galactic Spiral Density Wave Parameters Based on the Velocities of OB2 stars from the Gaia EDR3 Catalogue
- An in-depth analysis of the differentially expanding star cluster Stock 18 (Villafranca O-036) using Gaia DR3 and ground-based data
- Turbulent Pressure Heats Gas and Suppresses Star Formation in Galactic Bar Molecular Clouds
- Discovery of non-metastable ammonia masers in Sagittarius B2
- Constraints on ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves with statistics of pulsar spin-down rates II: Mann-Whitney U test
- One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog
- Long-period maser-bearing Miras in the Galactic center: period-luminosity relations and extinction estimates
- SOFIA/HAWC+ Far-Infrared Polarimetric Large Area CMZ Exploration Survey. V. The Magnetic Field Strength and Morphology in the Sagittarius C Complex
- Tracking X-ray Variability in Next Generation EHT LLAGN Targets
- On the origin of the Hercules group: I. chemical signatures indicating the outer bar origin
- Quantum coherence in neutrino spin-flavor oscillations
- Detectability of dark matter density distribution via gravitational waves from binary black holes in the Galactic center
- Globular Clusters in the Galactic Center Region: expected behavior in the infalling and merger scenario
- Gravitational waves from an eccentric population of primordial black holes orbiting Sgr A
- MANGOS II: Five new giant planets orbiting low-mass stars
- Kinematic characteristics of the Milky Way globular clusters based on Gaia DR2 data
- A cosmic-ray loaded nascent outflow driven by a massive star cluster
- 3D Kinematics of Stellar SiO Masers in the Galactic Center
- Synthetic gravitational lens image of the Sagittarius A black hole with a thin disk model
- Cosmological insights into the early accretion of r-process-enhanced stars II. Dynamical identification of lost members of Reticulum II
- Iron K-alpha echoes from the circumnuclear disk orbiting Sgr A*
- Investigating Dynamical Properties of Globular Clusters through a Family of Lowered Isothermal Models
- An MCMC Approach to the Three-dimensional Structure of the Milky Way Bulge using OGLE-IV Scuti Stars
- Constraining cosmic-ray acceleration in the magnetospheric gaps of Sgr A*
- Constraints on a fifth force from the stellar orbits around the central supermassive black hole of the Milky Way
- A Wave-Corrected Assessment of the Local Midplane
- Discovery of a Dense Association of Stars in the Vicinity of the Supermassive Black Hole Sgr A*
- A new window into the sub-parsec scale magnetic field in the Milky Way? Unveiling small-scale magneto-ionic structures with Faraday complexity
- Radial velocities from far red spectra of Carina Arm O and early B stars
- Cosmic rays, gas and dust in the Central Molecular Zone I -- factors, cosmic-ray densities and dust opacities
- Milky Way's Metal-Poor Stars display Chemical Transition near the Solar Radius
- Detecting Black Hole Occultations by Stars with Space Interferometric Telescopes
- Hydrodynamics of Clustered Clouds: Drafting, Survival, Condensation, and Ablation
- On the Deepest Search for Galactic Center Pulsars and an Examination of an Intriguing Millisecond Pulsar Candidate
- Indirect dark matter searches at ultrahigh energy neutrino detectors
- The Nephele ecosystem: stars, globular clusters, and stellar streams associated with the progenitor galaxy of Centauri
- The very faint X-ray transient Swift J174610-290018 at the Galactic center
- Analytic Post-Newtonian Astrometric and Spectroscopic Models of Orbits around Black Holes
- Dynamical model of Praesepe and its tidal tails
- Directional Neutrino Searches for Galactic Center Dark Matter at Large Underground LArTPCs
- Chemical templates of the Central Molecular Zone. Shock and protostellar object signatures under Galactic Center conditions
- ALMA discovery of Punctum -- a highly polarized mm source in nuclear starburst galaxy NGC 4945
- Impact of a granular mass distribution on the orbit of S2 in the Galactic center
- Investigating sub-MeV dark matter annihilation to neutrinos using direct detection experiments
- A proposal for enhancing technosignature search toward the Galactic center
- A multi-frequency, multi-epoch radio continuum study of the Arches cluster with the VLA
- Hunting for Planetary Nebulae toward the Galactic Center
- Geodesic dynamics and multi-inclination images of a non-minimally coupled black hole with a thin accretion disk
- Multi-Wavelength characterization of VVVX open clusters
- The Galactic potential and dark matter density from angular stellar accelerations
- Shapiro Delay Measurements from Fifteen Years of PSR J12311411 Radio Observations
- Deciphering signatures of Kerr-Sen black holes in presence of plasma from the Event Horizon Telescope data
- Physical effects of gravitational waves: pedagogical examples
- Thermodynamics of self-gravitating fermions as a robust theory for dark matter halos: Stability analysis applied to the Milky Way
- The Core-shift of Sagittarius A* as a Discriminant between Disk and Jet Emission Models with millimeter-VLBI
- A Near-Infrared Extinction and Reddening Map Towards the Galactic Bulge Using UKIRT
- The SARAO MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey filamentary source catalogue
- Searching for continuous gravitational waves from highly deformed compact objects with DECIGO
- The Magellanic Edges Survey -- II. Formation of the LMC's northern arm
- Spatial offsets between interstellar bone-like filaments, radio masers, and cold diffuse CO gas, in the Scutum spiral arm
- The large-scale kinematics of young stars in the Milky Way disc: first results from SDSS-V
- The Discovery of an Active Wind from the Milky Way's Black Hole
- Classical Be Stars and Classical Be Star Binaries from LAMOST DR12
- High reddening patches in Gaia DR2. Possible artifacts or indication of star formation at the edge of the Galactic disk
- The Steady State of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes Near a Supermassive Black Hole
- Equilibrium Core and Vortex Solutions of Bose Einstein Condensate Dark Matter around a Black Hole
- Photometric Constraints on Intermediate-mass Black Holes in the Galactic Centre
- Forward-modelling Milky Way Cepheids: selection effects and physical priors in the Gaia-HST calibration
- Vacuum polarization effects in the background of a deformed compact object and implications for photon velocity
- Non canonical polarizations of Gravitational Waves
- A Kinematically Cold Structure of Candidate Young OB Stars Toward The Anticenter
- 6.7 GHz CH3OH absorption towards the N3 Galactic Center point-source
- X-ray emission of the Nuclear Stellar Disk as seen by SRG/ART-XC
- Thermal equilibrium of an ideal gas in a free-floating box
- Nonthermal hotspot orbiting the supermassive black hole Sgr A*
- Quantifying the anisotropic density structure of the Central Molecular Zone -- a 2D correlation function approach
- Modeling the Galactic Neutron Star Population for Use in Continuous Gravitational Wave Searches
- Accelerated protons produced by magnetic Penrose process in Sgr A*
- Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) IV: Metallicity Distributions and Bulge Structure from 2.6 Million Red Clump Stars
- From the Circumnuclear Disk in the Galactic Center to thick, obscuring tori of AGNs -- Modelling the molecular emission of a parsec-scale torus as found in NGC1068
- Kinematics of the Milky way from the statistical analysis of the Gaia Data Release 3
- On the possible orbital motion of Sgr A* in the smooth potential of the Milky Way
- The contribution to Galactic Centre γ-ray excess from cluster-born millisecond pulsars. Constraints from direct N-body simulations
- Dips in the sub-TeV gamma-ray light curves from central parts of galaxies due to transiting luminous stars
- Globular clusters of the Gaia Enceladus/Sausage -- I. Orbital and dynamical evolution on cosmological timescales
- Dynamical Models of the Milky Way in Action Space with LAMOST DR8 and GAIA EDR3
- Superradiance and instabilities in black holes surrounded by anisotropic fluids
- Search for gamma-ray spectral lines from dark matter annihilation with the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey
- A search for stellar structures around nine outer halo globular clusters in the Milky Way
- Neutron-capture elements record the ordered chemical evolution of the disc over time
- Galactic tides in the Solar System within a non-axisymmetric Milky Way model adjusted to Gaia data
- Self-consistent modelling of the Milky Way's Nuclear Stellar Disc
- ALMA measurements of mass loss and wind clumping in the massive stars of the Arches cluster
- Mass Segregation in the CMZoom Survey
- Flaremodel: An open-source Python package for one-zone numerical modelling of synchrotron sources
- The potential of diffuse Galactic Ridge neutrino measurements to constrain dark matter
- 4-8 GHz Fourier-domain Searches for Galactic Center Pulsars
- The MAGIC project. III. Radial and azimuthal Galactic abundance gradients using classical Cepheids
- Antinuclei from Primordial Black Holes
- The Milky Way's Early Disk Was Built in Bursts. I. Evidence from Low-angular-momentum, High- Stars Scattered Out of the Protodisk by Merger Events
- High Energy Emission from the Galactic Center
- Modelling the non-equilibrium chemistry of the Milky Way's cold nuclear wind
- Remarkable correspondence of Sagittarius A* submillimeter variability with a stellar-wind-fed accretion flow model
- Constructing a gravitational wave analysis pipeline for extremely large mass ratio inspirals
- Investigating the interplay of the braneworld gravity and the plasma environment on the black hole shadow
- Orbit design for mitigating interstellar scattering effects in Earth-space VLBI observations of Sgr A*
- The disturbed outer Milky Way disc
- A solution to the paradox of youth in the Galactic centre
- The Complex Magnetic Field of the Extreme Galactic Center: PRIMA Science Potential