Multi-Wavelength characterization of VVVX open clusters

Abstract

Context. Large-scale surveys across wavelengths, aided by machine learning, have improved the detection of old open clusters in high-extinction Milky Way regions. Aims. We aim to confirm or reject automatically detected open clusters in poorly studied, contaminated regions, refining samples for Galactic disk formation studies. Methods. Using VVVX, 2MASS, and Gaia DR3, we analyzed nine cluster candidates: BH118, BH144, Schuster-MWSC 1756, Saurer 3, FSR 1521, Saurer 2, Haffner 10-FSR 1231, Juchert 12, and Pismis 3. We examined density maps, proper motion diagrams, and photometry to derive physical parameters. Results. We identified star clusters via overdensities in 2MASS, WISE, and DECaPS, confirmed with VVVX and Gaussian Kernel Density Estimation. Using Gaia proper motions, we refined memberships, building a high-likelihood cluster catalog. We derived extinction ($A_{Ks}=0.07$-$0.50$), color excess ($E(J-Ks)=0.16$-$0.60$), distances ($D=2.06$-$8.64$ kpc), and Galactocentric distances ($R_G=7.69$-$14.81$ kpc). Ages range from 20 Myr to 5 Gyr, metallicity from [Fe/H] = -0.5 to 0.5. Structural parameters include core radii ($r_c=0.71^{\prime }$-$5.21^{\prime }$) and tidal radii ($r_t=3.4^{\prime }$-$12.0^{\prime }$). Conclusions. We confirm the open cluster nature of nine targets, updating their physical parameters.

20 pages, 16 figures

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