Constraining the dense matter equation-of-state with radio pulsars

Abstract

Radio pulsars provide some of the most important constraints for our understanding of matter at supranuclear densities. So far, these constraints are mostly given by precision mass measurements of neutron stars (NS). By combining single measurements of the two most massive pulsars, J0348$+$0432 and J0740$+$6620, the resulting lower limit of 1.98 $M_{\odot }$ (99% confidence) of the maximum NS mass, excludes a large number of equations of state (EOSs). Further EOS constraints, complementary to other methods, are likely to come from the measurement of the moment of inertia (MOI) of binary pulsars in relativistic orbits. The Double Pulsar, PSR J0737$-$3039A/B, is the most promising system for the first measurement of the MOI via pulsar timing. Reviewing this method, based in particular on the first MeerKAT observations of the Double Pulsar, we provide well-founded projections into the future by simulating timing observations with MeerKAT and the SKA. For the first time, we account for the spin-down mass loss in the analysis. Our results suggest that an MOI measurement with 11% accuracy (68% confidence) is possible by 2030. If by 2030 the EOS is sufficiently well known, however, we find that the Double Pulsar will allow for a 7% test of Lense-Thirring precession, or alternatively provide a $\sim 3\sigma$-measurement of the next-to-leading order gravitational wave damping in GR. Finally, we demonstrate that potential new discoveries of double NS systems with orbital periods shorter than that of the Double Pulsar promise significant improvements in these measurements and the constraints on NS matter.

13 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by MNRAS

References in corpus (27)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• The Gaia mission
• Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
• A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
• Tests of general relativity from timing the double pulsar
• The Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) Project
• Formation of Double Neutron Star Systems
• Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole
• Stringent constraints on neutron-star radii from multimessenger observations and nuclear theory
• Nonparametric constraints on neutron star matter with existing and upcoming gravitational wave and pulsar observations
• A Parallax Distance to the Microquasar GRS 1915+105 and a Revised Estimate of its Black Hole Mass
• The MeerKAT Telescope as a Pulsar Facility: System verification and early science results from MeerTime
• Gravitational-radiation losses from the pulsar-white-dwarf binary PSR J1141-6545
• The Binary Companion of Young, Relativistic Pulsar J1906+0746
• Radio emission from a pulsar's magnetic pole revealed by general relativity
• Detecting Double Neutron Stars with LISA
• Lense-Thirring frame dragging induced by a fast-rotating white dwarf in a binary pulsar system
• Implications of a VLBI Distance to the Double Pulsar J0737-3039A/B
• An Improved Test of the General Relativistic Effect of Frame-Dragging Using the LARES and LAGEOS Satellites
• The Formation of the Double Pulsar PSR J0737-3039A/B
• Interstellar Scintillation of the Double Pulsar J0737$-$3039
• The double pulsar: evolutionary constraints from the system geometry
• Relativistic spin precession in the binary PSR J1141$-$6545
• Ultra-relativistic astrophysics using multi-messenger observations of double neutron stars with LISA and the SKA
• A Bayesian method for pulsar template generation

Cited by in corpus (43)

• Refined Mass and Geometric Measurements of the High-Mass PSR J0740+6620
• Strong-field Gravity Tests with the Double Pulsar
• The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey: I. Project design and pulsar discoveries
• Chiral Effective Field Theory and the High-Density Nuclear Equation of State
• Closing a spontaneous-scalarization window with binary pulsars
• Gravity experiments with radio pulsars
• The Relativistic Binary Programme on MeerKAT: Science objectives and first results
• Neutron Stars with Baryon Number Violation, Probing Dark Sectors
• Neutron stars and the dense matter equation of state: from microscopic theory to macroscopic observations
• On the moment of inertia of PSR J0737-3039 A from LIGO/Virgo and NICER
• Searches for Shapiro delay in seven binary pulsars using the MeerKAT telescope
• Scalarized neutron stars in massive scalar-tensor gravity: X-ray pulsars and tidal deformability
• The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey: VIII. 116 binary pulsars
• Testing the phase transition parameters inside neutron stars with the production of protons and lambdas in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Neutron stars in massive scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity: Spherical structure and time-independent perturbations
• Gravitational signal propagation in the Double Pulsar studied with the MeerKAT telescope
• The MPIfR-MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey II. The eccentric double neutron star system PSR J1208-5936 and a neutron star merger rate update
• Measuring the Lense-Thirring Orbital Precession and the Neutron Star Moment of Inertia with Pulsars
• Stringent Tests of Gravity with Highly Relativistic Binary Pulsars in the Era of LISA and SKA
• The Green Bank North Celestial Cap Survey IX: Timing Follow-up for 128 Pulsars
• One EURO for Uranus: the Elliptical Uranian Relativity Orbiter mission
• A tight universal relation between the shape eccentricity and the moment of inertia for rotating neutron stars
• Hyperonic uncertainties in neutron stars, mergers and supernovae
• Neutron Stars In $f(R,T)$ Theory: Slow Rotation Approximation
• Radio Pulsars as a Laboratory for Strong-field Gravity Tests
• The Lense-Thirring effect on the Galilean moons of Jupiter
• The Radius of PSR J0437-4715 from NICER Data
• Limitations in Testing the Lense-Thirring Effect with LAGEOS and the Newly Launched Geodetic Satellite LARES 2
• GINGER
• Measuring a gravitomagentic effect with the triple pulsar PSR J0337+1715
• Radio and gamma-ray timing of TRAPUM L-band Fermi pulsar survey discoveries
• I-Love-Q in Hořava-Lifshitz Gravity
• Moment of Inertia for Axisymmetric Neutron Stars in the Standard-Model Extension
• The impact of the spin-orbit misalignment and of the spin of B on the Lense-Thrirring orbital precessions of the Double Pulsar PSR J0737-3039A/B
• Tests of Classical Gravity with Radio Pulsars
• Might the 2PN perihelion precession of Mercury become measurable in the next future?
• On the 2PN periastron precession of the Double Pulsar PSR J0737-3039A/B
• Rapid Hierarchical Inference of Neutron Star Equation of State from multiple Gravitational Wave Observations of Binary Neutron Star Coalescences
• PSR J1227$-$6208 and its massive white dwarf companion: pulsar emission analysis, timing update and mass measurements
• Limitations in constraining neutron star radii and nuclear properties from inspiral gravitational wave detections
• Tackling artefacts in the timing of relativistic pulsar binaries: towards the SKA
• Shapiro Delay Measurements from Fifteen Years of PSR J1231$-$1411 Radio Observations
• Tracing the Trace Anomaly of Dense Matter inside Neutron Stars