Testing the Limits of Precise Subgiant Characterization with APOGEE and Gaia: Opening a Window to Unprecedented Astrophysical Studies

Abstract

Given their location on the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, thoroughly characterized subgiant stars can place stringent constraints on a wide range of astrophysical problems. Accordingly, they are prime asteroseismic targets for the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. In this work, we infer stellar properties for a sample of 347 subgiants located in the TESS Continuous Viewing Zones (CVZs), which we select based on their likelihood of showing asteroseismic oscillations. We investigate how well they can be characterized using classical constraints (photometry, astrometry), and validate our results using spectroscopic values. We derive luminosities, effective temperatures, and radii with mean 1$\sigma$ random (systematic) uncertainties of 4.5% (2%), 33 K (60 K), and 2.2% (2%), as well as more model-dependent quantities such as surface gravities, masses, and ages. We use our sample to demonstrate that subgiants are ideal targets for mass and age determination based on HR diagram location alone, discuss the advantages of stellar parameters derived from a detailed characterization over widely available catalogs, show that the generally used 3D extinction maps tend to overestimate the extinction for nearby stars (distance $\lesssim$ 500 pc), and find a correlation that supports the rotation-activity connection in post main sequence stars. The complementary roles played by classical and asteroseismic data sets will open a window to unprecedented astrophysical studies using subgiant stars.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in ApJ. 25 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables. Machine-readable tables are available as ancillary files

References in corpus (119)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• Gaia Data Release 2: The astrometric solution
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• Estimating distances from parallaxes IV: Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia Data Release 2
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
• The Sixteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• A 3D Dust Map Based on Gaia, Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS
• The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• The stellar activity-rotation relationship and the evolution of stellar dynamos
• EXOFAST: A fast exoplanetary fitting suite in IDL
• ASPCAP: The Apogee Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline
• Rotation Periods of 34,030 Kepler Main-Sequence Stars: The Full Autocorrelation Sample
• An absolutely calibrated effective temperature scale from the InfraRed Flux Method
• On the rotational evolution of solar- and late-type stars, its magnetic origins, and the possibility of stellar gyrochronology
• Modelling the Galactic Interstellar Extinction Distribution in Three Dimensions
• Giant Planet Occurrence in the Stellar Mass-Metallicity Plane
• Gaia Data Release 1: Astrometry - one billion positions, two million proper motions and parallaxes
• Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant
• The Ages of Stars
• Asteroseismology of Solar-Type and Red-Giant Stars
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars. V. Evidence for a wide age distribution and a complex MDF
• APOGEE Data and Spectral Analysis from SDSS Data Release 16: Seven Years of Observations Including First Results from APOGEE-South
• Gaia Data Release 2: first stellar parameters from Apsis
• A Three-Dimensional Map of Milky-Way Dust
• Galactic Reddening in 3D from Stellar Photometry - An Improved Map
• The Data Reduction Pipeline for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• Revised Catalog of GALEX Ultraviolet Sources. I. The All-sky Survey: GUVcat_AIS
• A three-dimensional Galactic extinction model
• A new implementation of the infrared flux method using the 2MASS catalogue
• Abundances, Stellar Parameters, and Spectra From the SDSS-III/APOGEE Survey
• Seismic evidence for a rapidly rotating core in a lower-giant-branch star observed with Kepler
• Seismic constraints on the radial dependence of the internal rotation profiles of six Kepler subgiants and young red giants
• Evidence for a systematic offset of -80 micro-arcseconds in the Gaia DR2 parallaxes
• Improved spectroscopic parameters for transiting planet hosts
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Spectrographs
• Target Selection for the SDSS-IV APOGEE-2 Survey
• The stellar rotation--activity relationship in fully convective M dwarfs
• A Revised Effective Temperature Scale for the Kepler Input Catalog
• APOGEE Data Releases 13 and 14: Data and Analysis
• On Galactic density modeling in the presence of dust extinction
• The birth of the Milky Way as uncovered by accurate stellar ages with Gaia
• Signatures of intrinsic Li depletion and Li-Na anti-correlation in the metal-poor globular cluster NGC6397
• Life in the fast lane: a direct view of the dynamics, formation, and evolution of the Milky Way's bar
• Eclipsing Binary Stars as Benchmarks for Trigonometric Parallaxes in the Gaia Era
• Solar-type dynamo behaviour in fully convective stars without a tachocline
• The UV and X-ray activity of the M dwarfs within 10pc of the Sun
• The Gaia-Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog. II. Planet Radius Demographics as a Function of Stellar Mass and Age
• Empirical, Accurate Masses and Radii of Single Stars with TESS and Gaia
• The California-Kepler Survey. II. Precise Physical Properties of 2025 Kepler Planets and Their Host Stars
• Angular Momentum Loss from Cool Stars: An Empirical Expression and Connection to Stellar Activity
• The SDSS-III APOGEE Spectral Line List for H-band Spectroscopy
• Confirmation of the $Gaia$ DR2 parallax zero-point offset using asteroseismology and spectroscopy in the $Kepler$ field
• The APOGEE Data Release 16 Spectral Line List
• Distances and parallax bias in Gaia DR2
• Calibrations of Atmospheric Parameters Obtained from the First Year of SDSS-III APOGEE Observations
• Surface rotation and photometric activity for Kepler targets I. M and K main-sequence stars
• The First APOKASC Catalog of Kepler Dwarf and Subgiant Stars
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Primordial Warm Dust Evolution From 3-30 Myr around Sun-like Stars
• Towards stellar effective temperatures and diameters at one per cent accuracy for future surveys
• A path towards understanding the rotation-activity relation of M dwarfs with K2 mission, X-ray and UV data
• EXOFASTv2: A public, generalized, publication-quality exoplanet modeling code
• Evolution of Mid-IR Excess Around Sun-like Stars: Constraints on Models of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Stellar Activity in the Broad-Band Ultraviolet
• Relation of X-ray activity and rotation in M dwarfs and predicted time-evolution of the X-ray luminosity
• Chemical Abundances of Main-Sequence, Turnoff, Subgiant and red giant Stars from APOGEE spectra II: Atomic Diffusion in M67 Stars
• Effects of Helium Enrichment in Globular Clusters I.Theoretical Plane with PGPUC stellar evolution code
• Testing the radius scaling relation with $Gaia$ DR2 in the $Kepler$ field
• The K2-HERMES Survey: Age and Metallicity of the Thick Disc
• Chemical Abundances of Main-Sequence, Turn-off, Subgiant and red giant Stars from APOGEE spectra I: Signatures of Diffusion in the Open Cluster M67
• Rapid Rotation of Low-Mass Red Giants Using APOKASC: A Measure of Interaction Rates on the Post-main-sequence
• The Asteroseismic Target List (ATL) for solar-like oscillators observed in 2-minute cadence with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
• Seismic evidence for near solid-body rotation in two Kepler subgiants and implications for angular momentum transport
• The distribution of stars around the Milky Way's central black hole II: Diffuse light from sub-giants and dwarfs
• Ultraviolet-Selected Field and Pre-Main-Sequence Stars Towards Taurus and Upper Scorpius
• The Gaia DR2 parallax zero point: Hierarchical modeling of red clump stars
• Old, Metal-Poor Extreme Velocity Stars in the Solar Neighborhood
• Rotation-activity relations and flares of M dwarfs with K2 long- and short-cadence data
• Magnetic Activity of F-, G-, and K-type Stars in the LAMOST-Kepler Field
• Empirical Bolometric Fluxes and Angular Diameters of 1.6 Million Tycho-2 Stars and Radii of 350,000 Stars with \emph{Gaia} DR1 Parallaxes
• Benchmark ages for the Gaia benchmark stars
• Asteroseismology of 36 Kepler subgiants -- II: Determining ages from detailed modelling
• Asteroseismology of 36 \emph{Kepler} subgiants -- I. Oscillation frequencies, linewidths and amplitudes
• Towards precise ages for single stars in the field. Gyrochronology constraints at several Gyr using wide binaries. I. Ages for initial sample
• A Catalog of M-dwarf Flares with ASAS-SN
• A connection between the morphology of the X-ray emission and rotation for solar-type stars in open clusters
• Common dynamo scaling in slowly rotating young and evolved stars
• Estimating stellar ages and metallicities from parallaxes and broadband photometry - successes and shortcomings
• Retired A Stars and Their Companions VIII: 15 New Planetary Signals Around Subgiants and Transit Parameters for California Planet Search Planets with Subgiant Hosts
• The K2 Galactic Caps Project -- Going Beyond the \textit{Kepler} Field and Ageing the Galactic Disc
• Activity and rotation of the X-ray emitting Kepler stars
• The Evolution of Rotation and Magnetic Activity in 94 Aqr Aa from Asteroseismology with TESS
• The first 40 million years of circumstellar disk evolution: the signature of terrestrial planet formation
• Stellar X-ray activity across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. I. Catalogs
• Stellar chromospheric activity and age relation from open clusters in the LAMOST Survey
• Expected Yields of Planet discoveries from the TESS primary and extended missions
• Rotationally Driven Ultraviolet Emission of Red Giant Stars
• TESS observations of southern ultra fast rotating low mass stars
• Rotation Periods of Wide Binaries in the Kepler Field
• On the Identification of Wide Binaries in the Kepler Field
• The tight subgiant branch of the intermediate-age star cluster NGC 411 implies a single-aged stellar population
• Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars. VII. Lithium
• Deconvolving the HD 81809 binary: rotational and activity evidence for a subgiant with a Sun-like cycle
• Origin of a massive hyper-runaway subgiant star LAMOST-HVS1 -- implication from Gaia and follow-up spectroscopy
• Rotation of Kepler field dwarfs and sub giants: Spectroscopic $v\sin I$ from APOGEE
• Ensemble age inversions for large spectroscopic surveys
• The GALAH survey: Multiple stars and our Galaxy. I. A comprehensive method for deriving properties of FGK binary stars
• The Stellar Activity - Rotation Relationship

Cited by in corpus (14)

• Gaia Data Release 3: Catalogue Validation
• Stellar Rotation in the Gaia Era: Revised Open Clusters Sequences
• A Catalogue of Solar-Like Oscillators Observed by TESS in 120-second and 20-second Cadence
• Improved Constraints on the Initial-to-Final Mass Relation of White Dwarfs using Wide Binaries
• Revised extinctions and radii for 1.5 million stars observed by APOGEE, GALAH, and RAVE
• Kepler meets Gaia DR3: homogeneous extinction-corrected color-magnitude diagram and binary classification
• Mixed Modes and Asteroseismic Surface Effects: II. Subgiant Systematics
• A Reanalysis of the Composition of K2-106b: an Ultra-short Period Super-Mercury Candidate
• Kepler main-sequence solar-like stars: surface rotation and magnetic-activity evolution
• Magnetic activity of red giants: correlation between the amplitude of solar-like oscillations and chromospheric indicators
• The breakdown of current gyrochronology as evidenced by old coeval stars
• TIC~257060897b: an inflated, low-density, hot-Jupiter transiting a rapidly evolving subgiant star
• Beyond the Nyquist frequency: Asteroseismic catalog of undersampled Kepler late subgiants and early red giants
• Potential Habitability as a Stellar Property: Effects of Model Uncertainties and Measurement Precision