XUV emission of the young planet-hosting star V1298\,Tau from coordinated observations with XMM-Newton and HST

Abstract

Atmospheric mass loss plays a major role in the evolution of exoplanets. This process is driven by the stellar high-energy irradiation, especially in the first hundreds of millions of years after dissipation of the proto-planetary disk. A major source of uncertainty in modeling atmospheric photo-evaporation and photo-chemistry is due to the lack of direct measurements of the stellar flux at EUV wavelengths. Several empirical relationships have been proposed in the past to link EUV fluxes to emission levels in X-rays, but stellar samples employed for this aim are heterogeneous, and available scaling laws provide significantly different predictions, especially for very active stars. We present new UV and X-ray observations of V1298 Tau with HST/COS and XMM-Newton, aimed to determine more accurately the XUV emission of this solar-mass pre-Main Sequence star, which hosts four exoplanets. Spectroscopic data were employed to derive the plasma emission measure distribution vs.\ temperature, from the chromosphere to the corona, and the possible variability of this irradiation on short and year-long time scales, due to magnetic activity. As a side result, we have also measured the chemical abundances of several elements in the outer atmosphere of V1298 Tau. We employ our results as a new benchmark point for the calibration of the X-ray to EUV scaling laws, and hence to predict the time evolution of the irradiation in the EUV band, and its effect on the evaporation of exo-atmospheres.

17 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for pubblication on ApJ

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• XUV irradiation of young planetary atmospheres. Results from a joint XMM-Newton and HST observation of HIP67522
• The time evolution of the ultraviolet habitable zone
• The GAPS programme at TNG -- LXIII. Photo-evaporating puzzle: Exploring the enigmatic nature of TOI-5398 b atmospheric signal
• Is the high-energy environment of K2-18b special?
• First detection of variable radio emission originating from the infant planetary system V1298 Tau