Two Massive Jupiters in Eccentric Orbits from the TESS Full Frame Images

Abstract

We report the discovery of two short-period massive giant planets from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Both systems, TOI-558 (TIC 207110080) and TOI-559 (TIC 209459275), were identified from the 30-minute cadence Full Frame Images and confirmed using ground-based photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations from TESS's Follow-up Observing Program Working Group. We find that TOI-558 b, which transits an F-dwarf ($M_{\ast }=1.349_{-0.065}^{+0.064}{M}_{\odot }$, $R_{\ast }=1.496_{-0.040}^{+0.042}{R}_{\odot }$, $T_{eff}=6466_{-93}^{+95}K$, age $1.79_{-0.73}^{+0.91}Gyr$) with an orbital period of 14.574 days, has a mass of $3.61\pm 0.15M_{\mathrm{J}}$, a radius of $1.086_{-0.038}^{+0.041}{R}_{\mathrm{J}}$, and an eccentric (e=$0.300_{-0.020}^{+0.022}$) orbit. TOI-559 b transits a G-dwarf ($M_{\ast }=1.026\pm 0.057M_{\odot }$, $R_{\ast }=1.233_{-0.026}^{+0.028}{R}_{\odot }$, $T_{eff}=5925_{-76}^{+85}K$, age $6.8_{-2.0}^{+2.5}Gyr$) in an eccentric (e=$0.151\pm 0.011$) 6.984-day orbit with a mass of $6.01_{-0.23}^{+0.24}{M}_{\mathrm{J}}$ and a radius of $1.091_{-0.025}^{+0.028}{R}_{\mathrm{J}}$. Our spectroscopic follow-up also reveals a long-term radial velocity trend for TOI-559, indicating a long-period companion. The statistically significant orbital eccentricity measured for each system suggests that these planets migrated to their current location through dynamical interactions. Interestingly, both planets are also massive ($>3M_{\mathrm{J}}$), adding to the population of massive giant planets identified by TESS. Prompted by these new detections of high-mass planets, we analyzed the known mass distribution of hot and warm Jupiters but find no significant evidence for multiple populations. TESS should provide a near magnitude-limited sample of transiting hot Jupiters, allowing for future detailed population studies.

18 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, accepted to The Astronomical Journal

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• Hundreds of TESS exoplanets might be larger than we thought
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• Migration and Evolution of giant ExoPlanets (MEEP) II: Super-Jupiters and Lithium-rich Host Stars