Aiolos- A multi-purpose 1-D hydrodynamics code for planetary atmospheres

Abstract

We present a new 1-D multi-physics simulation code with use cases intended for, but not limited to, hydrodynamic escapeproblems of planetary atmospheres and planetary accretion models. Our formulation treats an arbitrary number of species asseparated hydrodynamic fields, couples them via friction laws, allows for a multi-band flux-limited radiation transport, and tracksionization fronts in high-energy irradiation bands. Besides coupling various known numerical solution techniques together, weimprove on the numerical stability of deep hydrostatic atmospheres by using a well-balanced scheme, hence preventing unphysicaldriving of atmospheric in- or outflow. We demonstrate the correct physical behaviour of the individual code modules and presenta few simple, new applications, such as a proof-of-concept simulations of combined core-powered mass-loss and UV-drivenatmospheric escape, along with a fully time-dependent core-collapse giant planet simulation. The multi-species nature of thecode opens up the area of exploring simulations that are agnostic towards the dominant atmospheric species and can lead toimplementations of advanced planetary evolution schemes.

arXiv commentSubmitted to MNRAS. 18 pages, 11 figures

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• Unveiling the internal structure and formation history of the three planets transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) with CHEOPS
• The open-source sunbather code: modeling escaping planetary atmospheres and their transit spectra
• Magma ocean interactions can explain JWST observations of the sub-Neptune TOI-270 d
• Using Lyman-$\alpha$ transits to constrain models of atmospheric escape
• Using the helium triplet as a tracer of the physics of giant planet outflows
• Blowin' in the non-isothermal wind: core-powered mass loss with hydrodynamic radiative transfer
• Chemical evolution of an evaporating lava pool
• Characterizing the bolometric-photoevaporative transition in young sub-Neptunes with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations