Circumplanetary disk or circumplanetary envelope?

Abstract

We present three-dimensional simulations with nested meshes of the dynamics of the gas around a Jupiter mass planet with the JUPITER and FARGOCA codes. We implemented a radiative transfer module into the JUPITER code to account for realistic heating and cooling of the gas. We focus on the circumplanetary gas flow, determining its characteristics at very high resolution ($80\%$ of Jupiter's diameter). In our nominal simulation where the temperature evolves freely by the radiative module and reaches 13000 K at the planet, a circumplanetary envelope was formed filling the entire Roche-lobe. Because of our equation of state is simplified and probably overestimates the temperature, we also performed simulations with limited maximal temperatures in the planet region (1000 K, 1500 K, and 2000 K). In these fixed temperature cases circumplanetary disks (CPDs) were formed. This suggests that the capability to form a circumplanetary disk is not simply linked to the mass of the planet and its ability to open a gap. Instead, the gas temperature at the planet's location, which depends on its accretion history, plays also fundamental role. The CPDs in the simulations are hot and cooling very slowly, they have very steep temperature and density profiles, and are strongly sub-Keplerian. Moreover, the CPDs are fed by a strong vertical influx, which shocks on the CPD surfaces creating a hot and luminous shock-front. In contrast, the pressure supported circumplanetary envelope is characterized by internal convection and almost stalled rotation.

Accepted for publication at MNRAS

References in corpus (5)

• A comparative study of disc-planet interaction
• Discovery of a Companion Candidate in the HD169142 Transition Disk and the Possibility of Multiple Planet Formation
• Gas accretion onto planetary cores: three-dimensional self-gravitating radiation hydrodynamical calculations
• Growing and moving low-mass planets in non-isothermal disks
• An ALMA Constraint on the GSC 6214-210 B Circum-Substellar Accretion Disk Mass

Cited by in corpus (106)

• Tracing the formation history of giant planets in protoplanetary disks with Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulphur
• How drifting and evaporating pebbles shape giant planets I: Heavy element content and atmospheric C/O
• Images of Embedded Jovian Planet Formation At A Wide Separation Around AB Aurigae
• The newborn planet population emerging from ring-like structures in discs
• Hydrodynamics of embedded planets' first atmospheres - III. The role of radiation transport for super-Earth planets
• On the Terminal Rotation Rates of Giant Planets
• Evolution of gas disc-embedded intermediate mass ratio inspirals in the LISA band
• Orbital evolution of binary black holes in active galactic nucleus disks: a disk channel for binary black hole mergers?
• On the Radio Detectability of Circumplanetary Discs
• Formation of Giant Planet Satellites
• Theoretical Model of Hydrogen Line Emission from Accreting Gas Giants
• Circumplanetary Disk Dynamics in the Isothermal and Adiabatic Limits
• Slowing Down Type II Migration of Gas Giants to Match Observational Data
• Effects of the Planetary Temperature on the Circumplanetary Disk and on the Gap
• Quasi-static contraction during runaway gas accretion onto giant planets
• Magnetospheric Accretion as a Source of H$\alpha$ Emission from Proto-planets around PDS 70
• Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks II. -- SEDs and Near-Infrared Fluxes
• Thermodynamics of Giant Planet Formation: Shocking Hot Surfaces on Circumplanetary Disks
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). A Circumplanetary Disk Candidate in Molecular Line Emission in the AS 209 Disk
• Circumplanetary disks around young giant planets: a comparison between core-accretion and disk instability
• The Planetary Accretion Shock: I. Framework for Radiation-hydrodynamical Simulations and First Results
• The Planetary Accretion Shock. II. Grid of Post-Shock Entropies and Radiative Shock Efficiencies for Non-Equilibrium Radiation Transport
• ALMA Measurements of Circumstellar Material in the GQ Lup System
• Hot Circumsingle Disks Drive Binary Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks
• Limits on Millimeter Continuum Emission from Circumplanetary Material in the DSHARP Disks
• Shock-driven Accretion in Circumplanetary Disks: Observables and Satellite Formation
• Evolution of eccentricity and inclination of hot protoplanets embedded in radiative discs
• Global 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of gas accretion: The opacity dependent growth of Saturn-mass planets
• Meridional Circulation of Dust and Gas in the Circumstellar Disk: Delivery of Solids onto the Circumplanetary Region
• Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks I. -- Parameter Study for ALMA
• As the Worlds Turn: Constraining Spin Evolution in the Planetary-Mass Regime
• Detectability of embedded protoplanets from hydrodynamical simulations
• Hydrogen recombination line luminosities and -variability from forming planets
• Contracting and Expanding Binary Black Holes in 3D Low-Mass AGN Disks: The Importance of Separation
• Investigating the early evolution of planetary systems with ALMA and the Next Generation Very Large Array
• Accreting protoplanets: Spectral signatures and magnitude of gas and dust extinction at H alpha
• Envelopes of embedded super-Earths II. Three-dimensional isothermal simulations
• Pebble accretion at the origin of water in Europa
• On the structure and mass delivery towards circumplanetary discs
• exoALMA V: Gaseous Emission Surfaces and Temperature Structures
• In Situ Formation of Icy Moons of Uranus and Neptune
• Herbig Stars: A Quarter Century of Progress
• Dust evolution and satellitesimal formation in circumplanetary disks
• Constraining Protoplanetary Disk Accretion and Young Planets Using ALMA Kinematic Observations
• The Planetary Luminosity Problem: "Missing Planets" and the Observational Consequences of Episodic Accretion
• Tilting Ice Giants with a Spin-Orbit Resonance
• The maximum accretion rate of a protoplanet: how fast can runaway be?
• Accretion of Gas Giants Constrained by the Tidal Barrier
• Spin Evolution of Stellar-mass Black Holes Embedded in AGN disks: Orbital Eccentricity Produces Retrograde Circumstellar Flows
• Satellites Form Fast & Late: a Population Synthesis for the Galilean Moons
• Breaking the centrifugal barrier to giant planet contraction by magnetic disc braking
• Global 3D Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations of Proto-Jupiter's Convective Envelope
• An N-body population synthesis framework for the formation of moons around Jupiter-like planets
• Recycling of the first atmospheres of embedded planets: Dependence on core mass and optical depth
• Building the Galilean moons system via pebble accretion and migration: A primordial resonant chain
• Chemical Evolution in a Protoplanetary Disk within Planet Carved Gaps and Dust Rings
• ALMA observations require slower Core Accretion runaway growth
• Atmospheric Recyling of Volatiles by Pebble-Accreting Planets
• MOA-2007-BLG-400 A Super-Jupiter Mass Planet Orbiting a Galactic BulgeK-dwarf Revealed by Keck Adaptive Optics Imaging
• A two-moment radiation hydrodynamics scheme applicable to simulations of planet formation in circumstellar disks
• Satellitesimal Formation via Collisional Dust Growth in Steady Circumplanetary Disks
• Aiolos- A multi-purpose 1-D hydrodynamics code for planetary atmospheres
• Orbital Evolution of Moons in Weakly Accreting Circumplanetary Disks
• Formation of satellites in circumplanetary discs generated by disc instability
• Sequential giant planet formation initiated by disc substructure
• Hydrodynamic Model of H$\alpha$ Emission from Accretion Shocks of Proto-Giant Planet and Circumplanetary Disk
• The 3D dust and opacity distribution of protoplanets in multi-fluid global simulations
• Observing the gas component of circumplanetary disks around wide-orbit planet-mass companions in the (sub)mm regime
• Enrichment of Jupiter's atmosphere by late planetesimal bombardment
• Kinematic evidence for an embedded planet in the IM Lupi disc
• Magnetically induced termination of giant planet formation
• Growth and evolution of satellites in a Jovian massive disc
• Envelopes of embedded super-Earths I. Two-dimensional simulations
• Constraining accretion signatures of exoplanets in the TW Hya transitional disk
• Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks IV. -- with JWST & ELT
• Circumplanetary disk ices. I. Ice formation vs. viscous evolution and grain drift
• Analytic Approach to the Late Stages of Giant Planet Formation
• Three-dimensional transport of solids in a protoplanetary disk containing a growing giant planet
• Three-Dimensional Dust Stirring by a Giant Planet Embedded in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Gas accretion onto Jupiter mass planets in discs with laminar accretion flows
• Delivery of gas onto the circumplanetary disk of giant planets: Planetary-mass dependence of the source region of accreting gas and mass accretion rate
• Tidal truncation of circumplanetary disks fails above a critical disk aspect ratio
• Observing Circumplanetary Disks with METIS
• MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and substellar companions at 4-5 $\mu$m. II. Constraints on the mass and radius of the enshrouded planet PDS 70 b
• Analyzing JWST/NIRSpec Hydrogen Line Detections at TWA 27B: Constraining Accretion Properties and Geometry
• Meridional Circulation driven by Planetary Spiral Wakes in Radiative and Magnetized Protoplanetary Discs
• Feedback-limited Accretion: Variable Luminosity from Growing Planets
• Multi-frequency observations of PDS 70c: Radio emission mechanisms in the circum-planetary environment
• Formation of Multiple Dynamical Classes in the Kuiper Belt via Disk Dissipation
• Formation and Structure of Circumplanetary Disks and Envelopes during the Late Stages of Giant Planet Formation
• Gas dynamics around a Jupiter mass planet: II. Chemical evolution of circumplanetary material
• Size-selective accretion of dust onto CPDs: Low CPD masses and filtration of larger grains
• Modeling of CO ro-vibrational line emission of HD 141569
• Circumplanetary Disk Candidate in the Disk of HD 163296 Traced by Localized Emission from Simple Organics
• The interplay between forming planets and photoevaporating discs II: Wind-driven gas redistribution
• Resurgence of CO in a warm bubble around accreting protoplanets and its observability
• ExoplaNeT accRetion mOnitoring sPectroscopic surveY (ENTROPY) - II. Time series of Balmer line profiles of Delorme 1(AB)b
• Rings in the Solar System: a short review
• Future Exoplanet Research: Science Questions and How to Address Them
• Monte Carlo post-processing for radiation hydro simulations of accreting planets in protoplanetary disks
• The influence of dust growth on the observational properties of circumplanetary discs
• Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks
• Flows, Circulations, and Energy Transport in the Outer and Deep Atmospheres of Synchronous and Non-synchronous Hot Jupiters
• Angular momentum distributions for observed and modeled exoplanetary systems
• Semianalytical Accretion-Tracer Emission: Forming Planets Are Intrinsically Faint
• Delivery of complex organic molecules to the system of Jupiter