ALMA observations require slower Core Accretion runaway growth

Abstract

Thanks to recent high resolution ALMA observations, there is an accumulating evidence for presence of giant planets with masses from $\sim 0.01$ Jupiter mass to a few Jupiter mass with separations up to $100$~AU in the annular structures observed in young protoplanetary discs. We point out that these observations set unique "live" constraints on the process of gas accretion onto sub-Jovian planets that were not previously available. Accordingly, we use a population synthesis approach in a new way: we build time-resolved models and compare the properties of the synthetic planets with the ALMA data at the same age. Applying the widely used gas accretion formulae leads to a deficit of sub-Jovian planets and an over-abundance of a few Jupiter mass planets compared to observations. We find that gas accretion rate onto planets needs to be suppressed by about an order of magnitude to match the observed planet mass function. This slower gas giant growth predicts that the planet mass should correlate positively with the age of the protoplanetary disc, albeit with a large scatter. This effect is not clearly present in the ALMA data but may be confirmed in the near future with more observations.

Accepted to MNRAS Letters

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• The Preservation of Super Earths and the Emergence of Gas Giants after Their Progenitor Cores have Entered the Pebble Isolation Phase
• Planetary Population Synthesis and the Emergence of Four Classes of Planetary System Architectures
• Are the observed gaps in protoplanetary discs caused by growing planets?
• TW Hya: an old protoplanetary disc revived by its planet
• Promoted Mass Growth of Multiple, Distant Giant Planets through Pebble Accretion and Planet-Planet Collision
• A Gas Giant Planet in the OGLE-2006-BLG-284L Stellar Binary System
• ALMA constraints on assembly of Core Accretion planets
• The role of density perturbation on planet formation by pebble accretion
• The paradox of youth for ALMA planet candidates
• The effect of late giant collisions on the atmospheres of protoplanets and the formation of cold sub-Saturns