Observing the gas component of circumplanetary disks around wide-orbit planet-mass companions in the (sub)mm regime
arXiv:1902.04096 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834899
Abstract
Several detections of wide-orbit planet-mass/sub-stellar companions around young solar-like stars were reported in the last decade. The origin of those possible planets is still unclear but accretion tracers and VLT/SPHERE observations indicate that they are surrounded by circumplanetary material or even a circumplanetary disk. We want to investigate if the gas component of disks around wide-orbit companions is detectable with current and future (sub)mm telescopes and what constraints such gas observations can provide on the nature of the circumplanetary material and on the mass of the companion. We applied the radiation thermo-chemical disk code ProDiMo to model the dust and gas component of passive circumplanetary disks and produced realistic synthetic observables. We considered different companion properties, disk parameters and radiative environments and compared the resulting synthetic observables to telescope sensitivities and to existing dust observations. The main criterion for a successful detection is the size of the circumplanetary disk. At a distance of about 150 pc, a circumplanetary disk with an outer radius of about 10 au is detectable with ALMA in about 6 hours in optically thick CO lines. Other aspects such as the companion's luminosity, disk inclination and background radiation fields are also relevant and should be considered to optimize the observing strategy for detection experiments. For most of the known wide-orbit planet-mass companions, their maximum theoretical disk size of one third of the Hill radius would be sufficient to allow detection of CO lines. It is therefore feasible to detect their gas disks and constrain the mass of the companion through the kinematic signature. Even in the case of non-detections such observations will provide stringent constraints on disk size and gas mass, information crucial for formation theories.
arXiv comment13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
References in corpus (72)
- Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
- Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
- The Gaia mission
- Dust Grain Size Distributions and Extinction in the Milky Way, LMC, and SMC
- Gaia Data Release 2: The astrometric solution
- An atomic and molecular database for analysis of submillimetre line observations
- The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview
- The UMIST database for astrochemistry 2012
- A simple model for the evolution of the dust population in protoplanetary disks
- Structure of Stationary Photodissociation Fronts
- The Mass Dependence Between Protoplanetary Disks and their Stellar Hosts
- Observational Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of Binary Stars
- Rotational quenching of CO due to H collisions
- Radiation thermo-chemical models of protoplanetary disks I. Hydrostatic disk structure and inner rim
- Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks. I. Disk shape, dust settling, opacities, and PAHs
- ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks II: Gas Disk Radii
- Modeling optical properties of cosmic dust grains using a distribution of hollow spheres
- Kinematic evidence for an embedded protoplanet in a circumstellar disc
- Evidence for a co-moving sub-stellar companion of GQ Lup
- Unveiling the gas and dust disk structure in HD 163296 using ALMA observations
- Accreting Circumplanetary Disks: Observational Signatures
- The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) - IX. A high definition study of the HD 163296 planet forming disk
- Formation of Regular Satellites from Ancient Massive Rings in the Solar System
- Two Wide Planetary-Mass Companions to Solar-Type Stars in Upper Scorpius
- Circumplanetary disc properties obtained from radiation hydrodynamical simulations of gas accretion by protoplanets
- Origin of the Different Architectures of the Jovian and Saturnian Satellite Systems
- Different dust and gas radial extents in protoplanetary disks: consistent models of grain growth and CO emission
- Circumplanetary disk or circumplanetary envelope?
- Multiwavelength optical properties of compact dust aggregates in protoplanetary disks
- Formation of giant planets and brown dwarfs on wide orbits
- Three Wide Planetary-Mass Companions to FW Tau, ROXs 12, and ROXs 42B
- Tidal Truncation of Circumplanetary Discs
- Planet formation signposts: observability of circumplanetary disks via gas kinematics
- Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets II. Cloud formation for cosmologically evolving abundances
- Radiation thermo-chemical models of protoplanetary disks II. Line diagnostics
- Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Candidate Companion Below/Near the Deuterium-Burning Limit In The Young Binary Star System, ROXs 42B
- Accretion onto Planetary Mass Companions of Low-Mass Young Stars
- A Disk Around the Planetary-Mass Companion GSC 06214-00210 b: Clues About the Formation of Gas Giants on Wide Orbits
- Do Proto-Jovian Planets Drive Outflows?
- Direct evidence of a sub-stellar companion around CT Cha
- The slow spin of the young sub-stellar companion GQ Lupi b and its orbital configuration
- Distances and Kinematics of Gould Belt Star-Forming Regions with Gaia DR2 results
- On the Radio Detectability of Circumplanetary Discs
- Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks: II. Chemical networks and rates
- Explaining millimeter-sized particles in brown dwarf disks
- The unusual protoplanetary disk around the T Tauri star ET Cha
- On the Formation of Gas Giant Planets on Wide Orbits
- Radiation thermo-chemical models of protoplanetary discs. IV Modelling CO ro-vibrational emission from Herbig Ae discs
- Observability of planet-disc interactions in CO kinematics
- On the Viability of the Magnetorotational Instability in Circumplanetary Disks
- The properties of discs around planets and brown dwarfs as evidence for disc fragmentation
- The Planetary Accretion Shock: I. Framework for Radiation-hydrodynamical Simulations and First Results
- ALMA Measurements of Circumstellar Material in the GQ Lup System
- The Evolution of Circumplanetary Disks around Planets in Wide Orbits: Implications for Formation Theory, Observations, and Moon Systems
- OTS44: Disk and accretion at the planetary border
- Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks I. -- Parameter Study for ALMA
- An ALMA and MagAO Study of the Substellar Companion GQ Lup B
- Searching for Scatterers: High-Contrast Imaging of Young Stars Hosting Wide-Separation Planetary-Mass Companions
- Radiation thermo-chemical models of protoplanetary discs. III. Impact of inner rims on Spectral Energy Distributions
- A universal spin-mass relation for brown dwarfs and planets
- On the origin of the wide-orbit circumbinary giant planet HD 106906: A dynamical scenario and its impact on the disk
- A revised estimate of the distance to the clouds in the Chamaeleon complex using the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution
- First direct detection of a polarized companion outside of a resolved circumbinary disk around CS Cha
- In Situ Formation of Icy Moons of Uranus and Neptune
- Accretion signatures in the X-shooter spectrum of the substellar companion to SR12
- Dust evolution and satellitesimal formation in circumplanetary disks
- First millimeter detection of the disk around a young, isolated, planetary-mass object
- New Extinction and Mass Estimates from Optical Photometry of the Very Low Mass Brown Dwarf Companion CT Chamaeleontis B with the Magellan AO System
- An Explanation of the Very Low Radio Flux of Young Planet-mass Companions
- An upper limit on the mass of the circumplanetary disk for DH Tau b
- An ALMA Dynamical Mass Estimate of the Proposed Planetary-mass Companion FW Tau C
- Thermochemical modelling of brown dwarf discs
Cited by in corpus (15)
- The Planetary Accretion Shock. II. Grid of Post-Shock Entropies and Radiative Shock Efficiencies for Non-Equilibrium Radiation Transport
- Comparison of planetary Hα-emission models: A new correlation with accretion luminosity
- Sulphur monoxide emission tracing an embedded planet in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk
- Kinematics and brightness temperatures of transition discs -- A survey of gas substructures as seen with ALMA
- Accreting protoplanets: Spectral signatures and magnitude of gas and dust extinction at H alpha
- SO and SiS Emission Tracing an Embedded Planet and Compact CO and CO Counterparts in the HD 169142 Disk
- Characterizing the protolunar disk of the accreting companion GQ Lupi B
- ALMA 0.88 mm Survey of Disks around Planetary-mass Companions
- ALMA Discovery of a Disk around the Planetary-mass Companion SR 12 c
- Self-consistent modelling of the dust component in protoplanetary and circumplanetary disks: the case of PDS 70
- Circumplanetary disk ices. I. Ice formation vs. viscous evolution and grain drift
- Observing Circumplanetary Disks with METIS
- Millimeter Dust Emission and Planetary Dynamics in the HD 106906 System
- New Mid-Infrared Imaging Constraints on Companions and Protoplanetary Disks around six Young Stars
- New constraints on the presence of debris disks around G 196-3 B and VHS J125601.92-125723.9 b