ALMA 0.88 mm Survey of Disks around Planetary-mass Companions

Abstract

Characterizing the physical properties and compositions of circumplanetary disks can provide important insights into the formation of giant planets and satellites. We report ALMA 0.88 mm (Band 7) continuum observations of six planetary-mass (10-20 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) companions: CT Cha b, 1RXS 1609 b, ROXs 12 b, ROXs 42B b, DH Tau b, and FU Tau b. No continuum sources are detected at the locations of the companions down to 3$\sigma$ limits of 120-210 $\mu$Jy. Given these non-detections, it is not clear whether disks around planetary-mass companions indeed follow the disk flux-host mass trend in the stellar regime. The faint radio brightness of these companion disks may result from a combination of fast radial drift and a lack of dust traps. Alternatively, as disks in binary systems are known to have significantly lower millimeter fluxes due to tidal interactions, these companion disks may instead follow the relationship of moderate-separation binary stars. This scenario can be tested with sensitive continuum imaging at rms levels of $\lesssim$10 $\mu$Jy.

Accepted for publication in AJ

References in corpus (38)

• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
• The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU
• A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
• Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Planetary Mass Candidate Companion to a Young Solar Analog
• One Solution to the Mass Budget Problem for Planet Formation: Optically Thick Disks with Dust Scattering
• Lupus disks with faint CO isotopologues: low gas/dust or large carbon depletion?
• Submillimeter emission associated with candidate protoplanets
• Accreting Circumplanetary Disks: Observational Signatures
• The anomalously low (sub)millimeter spectral indices of some protoplanetary disks may be explained by dust self-scattering
• Direct evidence of a sub-stellar companion around CT Cha
• Brown dwarf disks with ALMA
• The properties of discs around planets and brown dwarfs as evidence for disc fragmentation
• Far-infrared to millimeter data of protoplanetary disks: dust growth in the Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions
• Thermodynamics of Giant Planet Formation: Shocking Hot Surfaces on Circumplanetary Disks
• Circumplanetary disks around young giant planets: a comparison between core-accretion and disk instability
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in Taurus
• ALMA Measurements of Circumstellar Material in the GQ Lup System
• Shock-driven Accretion in Circumplanetary Disks: Observables and Satellite Formation
• Characterization of Low-mass, Wide-separation Substellar Companions to Stars in Upper Scorpius: Near-infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy
• Demographics of disks around young very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus
• An ALMA and MagAO Study of the Substellar Companion GQ Lup B
• ALMA 1.3 Millimeter Map of the HD 95086 System
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey II. Disk Masses from ALMA Continuum Observations
• Spectral Energy Distributions of Accreting Protoplanets
• A Search for Companions to Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus and Chamaeleon Star Forming Regions
• The Effect of Binarity on Circumstellar Disk Evolution
• High Precision Dynamical Masses of Pre-Main Sequence Stars with ALMA and Gaia
• Proper motions of young stars in Chamaeleon. I. A Virtual Observatory study of spectroscopically confirmed members
• The Young Substellar Companion ROXs 12 B: Near-Infrared Spectrum, System Architecture, and Spin-Orbit Misalignment
• An ALMA Constraint on the GSC 6214-210 B Circum-Substellar Accretion Disk Mass
• First millimeter detection of the disk around a young, isolated, planetary-mass object
• ALMA Observations of the Young Substellar Binary System 2M1207
• New Extinction and Mass Estimates from Optical Photometry of the Very Low Mass Brown Dwarf Companion CT Chamaeleontis B with the Magellan AO System
• An Explanation of the Very Low Radio Flux of Young Planet-mass Companions
• Upper limits on protolunar disc masses using ALMA observations of directly-imaged exoplanets
• An upper limit on the mass of the circumplanetary disk for DH Tau b
• Observing the gas component of circumplanetary disks around wide-orbit planet-mass companions in the (sub)mm regime

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Bridging the gap between protoplanetary and debris disks: separate evolution of millimeter and micrometer-sized dust
• A survey of the linear polarization of directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarf companions with SPHERE-IRDIS. First polarimetric detections revealing disks around DH Tau B and GSC 6214-210 B
• Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments are Common
• Limits on Millimeter Continuum Emission from Circumplanetary Material in the DSHARP Disks
• As the Worlds Turn: Constraining Spin Evolution in the Planetary-Mass Regime
• Characterizing the protolunar disk of the accreting companion GQ Lupi B
• ALMA Discovery of a Disk around the Planetary-mass Companion SR 12 c
• A Mid-Infrared Study of Directly-Imaged Planetary-Mass Companions using Archival Spitzer/IRAC Images
• Disks around young planetary-mass objects: Ultradeep Spitzer imaging of NGC1333
• Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT) XII: A Directly-Imaged Planetary-Mass Companion to a Young Taurus M Dwarf Star
• Millimeter Dust Emission and Planetary Dynamics in the HD 106906 System
• A 2 au resolution view by ALMA of the planet-hosting WISPIT 2 disk
• Monitoring H$\alpha$ Emission from the Wide-orbit Brown-dwarf Companion FU Tau B
• The planetary-mass-limit VLT/SINFONI library: Spectral extraction and atmospheric characterization via forward modeling
• New constraints on the presence of debris disks around G 196-3 B and VHS J125601.92-125723.9 b