High Precision Dynamical Masses of Pre-Main Sequence Stars with ALMA and Gaia

Abstract

The Keplerian rotation in protoplanetary disks can be used to robustly measure stellar masses at very high precision if the source distance is known. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of spatially and spectrally resolved ${}^{12}$CO (2--1) emission towards the disks around 2MASS J16262774--2527247 (the tertiary companion to ROXs 12 at 5100 au), CT Cha, and DH Tau. We employ detailed modeling of the Keplerian rotation profile, coupled with accurate distances from $Gaia$, to directly measure the stellar masses with $\sim$2\% precision. We also compare these direct mass measurements with the masses inferred from evolutionary models, determined in a statistically rigorous way. We find that 2MASS J16262774--2527247 has a mass of $0.535_{-0.007}^{+0.006}{M}_{\odot }$ and CT Cha has a mass of $0.796_{-0.014}^{+0.015}{M}_{\odot }$, broadly consistent with evolutionary models, although potentially significant differences remain. DH Tau has a mass of $0.101_{-0.003}^{+0.004}{M}_{\odot }$, but it suffers from strong foreground absorption that may affect our mass estimate. The combination of ALMA, $Gaia$, and codes like \texttt{pdspy}, presented here, can be used to infer the dynamical masses for large samples of young stars and substellar objects, and place constraints on evolutionary models.

22 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (21)

• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• Improving PARSEC models for very low mass stars
• A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
• An Optical Spectroscopic Study of T Tauri Stars. I. Photospheric Properties
• Search for Associations Containing Young stars (SACY): I. Sample & Searching Method
• A Three-Dimensional View of Turbulence: Constraints on Turbulent Motions in the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk using DCO${}^{+}$
• A Spitzer view of protoplanetary disks in the gamma Velorum cluster
• Lupus disks with faint CO isotopologues: low gas/dust or large carbon depletion?
• The Gould's Belt Distances Survey (GOBELINS) I. Trigonometric parallax distances and depth of the Ophiuchus complex
• Empirical Tests of Pre-Main-Sequence Stellar Evolution Models with Eclipsing Binaries
• Dynamical Masses of Low Mass Stars in the Taurus and Ophiuchus Star Forming Regions
• Disk Masses for Embedded Class I Protostars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• ALMA Measurements of Circumstellar Material in the GQ Lup System
• An ALMA and MagAO Study of the Substellar Companion GQ Lup B
• The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey II. Disk Masses from ALMA Continuum Observations
• The Young Substellar Companion ROXs 12 B: Near-Infrared Spectrum, System Architecture, and Spin-Orbit Misalignment
• ALMA Observations of the Young Substellar Binary System 2M1207
• The Architecture of the GW Ori Young Triple Star System and Its Disk: Dynamical Masses, Mutual Inclinations, and Recurrent Eclipses
• An Explanation of the Very Low Radio Flux of Young Planet-mass Companions
• An ALMA Dynamical Mass Estimate of the Proposed Planetary-mass Companion FW Tau C
• Clusters as benchmarks for measuring fundamental stellar parameters

Cited by in corpus (17)

• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). I. Overview of the Program and First Results
• A survey of the linear polarization of directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarf companions with SPHERE-IRDIS. First polarimetric detections revealing disks around DH Tau B and GSC 6214-210 B
• Dynamical stellar masses of pre-main sequence stars in Lupus and Taurus obtained with ALMA surveys in comparison with stellar evolutionary models
• The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars IV. Unveiling the Embedded Intermediate-Mass Protostar and Disk within OMC2-FIR3/HOPS-370
• A coplanar circumbinary protoplanetary disk in the TWA 3 triple M dwarf system
• ALMA Observations of the HD~110058 debris disk
• Kinematic Analysis of a Protostellar Multiple System: Measuring the Protostar Masses and Assessing Gravitational Instability in the Disks of L1448 IRS3B and L1448 IRS3A
• Dynamical Masses and Stellar Evolutionary Model Predictions of M-Stars
• Chemical modeling of Orion Nebula Cluster disks: evidence for massive, compact gas disks with ISM-like gas-to-dust ratios
• Dynamical Masses of Young Stars II: Young Taurus Binaries Hubble~4, FF~Tau, and HP~Tau/G3
• Detectability of satellites around directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarfs
• ALMA Observations of Young Eruptive Stars: continuum disk sizes and molecular outflows
• Architecture Classification for Extrasolar Planetary Systems
• Disks and Outflows in the Intermediate-mass Star Forming Region NGC 2071 IR
• Constraining the Stellar Masses and Origin of the Protostellar VLA 1623 System
• Benchmarking pre-main sequence stellar evolutionary tracks using disk-based dynamical stellar masses
• Astro2020 Science White Paper: Measuring Protostar Masses: The Key to Protostellar Evolution