The mass-radius relation of exoplanets, revisited

Abstract

Determining the mass-radius ($M$-$R$) relation of exoplanets is important for exoplanet characterization. Here we present a re-analysis of the $M$-$R$ relations and their transitions using exoplanetary data from the PlanetS catalog which only includes planets with reliable mass and radius determinations. We find that "small planets" correspond to planets with masses of up to $\sim 4.4M_{\oplus }$ (within 17%) where $R\propto M^{0.27}$. Planets with masses between $\sim 4.4$ and $127M_{\oplus }$ (within 5%) can be viewed as "intermediate-mass" planets, where $R\propto M^{0.67}$. Massive planets, or gas giant planets, are found to have masses beyond $127M_{\oplus }$ with an $M$-$R$ relation of $R\propto M^{-0.06}$. By analyzing the radius-density relation we also find that the transition between "small" to "intermediate-size" planets occurs at a planetary radius of $\sim 1.6R_{\oplus }$ (within 3%). Our results are consistent with previous studies and provide an ideal fit for the currently-measured planetary population.

8 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics, significantly revised version with a new regression method and updated results

References in corpus (15)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid Exoplanets
• Most 1.6 Earth-Radius Planets are not Rocky
• Growth Model Interpretation of Planet Size Distribution
• The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux
• Revisited Mass-Radius relations for exoplanets below 120 Earth masses
• The mass-radius relationship from solar-type stars to terrestrial planets: a review
• CRIRES${}^{+}$ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope
• The Exoplanet Radius Valley from Gas-driven Planet Migration and Breaking of Resonant Chains
• The Compositional Diversity of Low-Mass Exoplanets
• Do Metal-Rich Stars Make Metal-Rich Planets? New Insights on Giant Planet Formation from Host Star Abundances
• On the mass of gas giant planets: Is Saturn a failed gas giant?
• The mass-radius relation of intermediate-mass planets outlined by hydrodynamic escape and thermal evolution
• Helium Enhanced Planets Along the Upper Edge of the Radius Valley

Cited by in corpus (24)

• From super-Earths to sub-Neptunes: Observational constraints and connections to theoretical models
• The bulk metallicity of giant planets around M stars
• Hundreds of TESS exoplanets might be larger than we thought
• RV-exoplanet eccentricities: Good, Beta, and Best
• TOI-4504: Exceptionally large Transit Timing Variations induced by two resonant warm gas giants in a three planet system
• SWEET-Cat: A view on the planetary mass-radius relation
• The inflated, eccentric warm Jupiter TOI-4914 b orbiting a metal-poor star, and the hot Jupiters TOI-2714 b and TOI-2981 b
• SILVIA: Ultra-precision formation flying demonstration for space-based interferometry
• A Transiting Giant on a 7.7-Year Orbit Revealed by TTVs in the TOI-201 System
• From CO${}_2$- to H${}_2$O-dominated atmospheres and back -- How mixed outgassing changes the volatile distribution in magma oceans around M dwarf stars
• Probing the Limits of Habitability: A Catalog of Rocky Exoplanets in the Habitable Zone
• Exploring the habitability and interior composition of exoplanets lying within the extended habitable zone
• How Internal Structure Shapes the Metallicity of Giant Exoplanets
• On the Efficacy of Ocean Formation with a Primordial Hydrogen Atmosphere
• The Formation of Double Hot Jupiter Systems through von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai Migration
• Distribution of Europium in The Milky Way Disk; Its Connection to Planetary Habitability and The Source of The R-Process
• A Validated Low-to-Intermediate Mass Planetary Interior Structure Model and New Mass-Radius Relations
• A planet-host ratio relation to synthesize microlensing and transiting exoplanet demography from Roman
• Dark matter heating of Planet 9, and its observational implications
• TOI-1438: A rare system with two short-period sub-Neptunes and a tentative long-period Jupiter-like planet orbiting a K0V star
• The Cohesive Object Sequence: The Mass-Density Distribution of Astronomical Objects from Asteroids to Stars
• The GAPS Programme at the TNG: LXX. TOI-5734b: A hot sub-Neptune orbiting a relatively young K dwarf with an Earth-like density
• An Evolving Cosmic Shoreline and Sandbar Bounding the Rocky Airless Valley
• Do Outer Giants Inflate Neptune-sized Planets? An Architecture-Dependent Mass-Radius Relation