Prospects from TESS and Gaia to constrain the flatness of planetary systems

Abstract

The mutual inclination between planets orbiting the same star provides key information to understand the formation and evolution of multi-planet systems. In this work, we investigate the potential of Gaia astrometry in detecting and characterizing cold Jupiters in orbits exterior to the currently known TESS planet candidates. According to our simulations, out of the $\sim 3350$ systems expected to have cold Jupiter companions, Gaia, by its nominal 5-year mission, should be able to detect $\sim 200$ cold Jupiters and measure the orbital inclinations with a precision of ${\sigma }_{\cos i}<0.2$ in $\sim 120$ of them. These numbers are estimated under the assumption that the orbital orientations of the CJs follow an isotropic distribution, but these only vary slightly for less broad distributions. We also discuss the prospects from radial velocity follow-ups to better constrain the derived properties and provide a package to do quick forecasts using our Fisher matrix analysis. Overall, our simulations show that Gaia astrometry of cold Jupiters orbiting stars with TESS planets can distinguish dynamically cold (mean mutual inclination $\lesssim 5^{\circ }$) from dynamically hot systems (mean mutual inclination $\gtrsim 20^{\circ }$), placing a new set of constraints on their formation and evolution.

11 pages, 4 figures. Under review at AJ, after 1st round of referee review

References in corpus (28)

• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission
• Astrometric exoplanet detection with Gaia
• The Exoplanet Mass-Ratio Function from the MOA-II Survey: Discovery of a Break and Likely Peak at a Neptune Mass
• Gaia Data Release 3: Stellar multiplicity, a teaser for the hidden treasure
• Hints for a Turnover at the Snow Line in the Giant Planet Occurrence Rate
• Shadows cast by a warp in the HD 142527 protoplanetary disk
• Hot Jupiters from Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration
• Photometric Amplitude Distribution of Stellar Rotation of Kepler KOIs-Indication for Spin-Orbit Alignment of Cool Stars and High Obliquity for Hot Stars
• Double-blind test program for astrometric planet detection with Gaia
• Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small planet systems from 3661 HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small planet systems
• Evidence for a high mutual inclination between the cold Jupiter and transiting super Earth orbiting $\pi$ Men
• AF Lep b: the lowest mass planet detected coupling astrometric and direct imaging data
• Direct imaging discovery of a super-Jovian around the young Sun-like star AF Leporis
• Direct Imaging and Astrometric Detection of a Gas Giant Planet Orbiting an Accelerating Star
• The First Dynamical Mass Measurement in the HR 8799 System
• A significant mutual inclination between the planets within the $\pi$ Mensae system
• WASP-117b: a 10-day-period Saturn in an eccentric and misaligned orbit
• Mutual Orbital Inclinations Between Cold Jupiters and Inner Super-Earths
• True masses of the long-period companions to HD 92987 and HD 221420 from Hipparcos-Gaia astrometry
• Revisiting the Long-Period Transiting Planets from Kepler
• Outer-planet scattering can gently tilt an inner planetary system
• Completeness of the Gaia-verse I: when and where were Gaia's eyes on the sky during DR2?
• Joint Constraints on Exoplanetary Orbits from Gaia DR3 and Doppler Data
• The intrinsic multiplicity distribution of exoplanets revealed from the radial velocity method
• A Radial Velocity Study of the Planetary System of Pi Mensae: Improved Planet Parameters for PI Mensae c and a Third Planet on a 125-d Orbit
• On the follow-up efforts of long-period transiting planet candidates detected with Gaia astrometry

Cited by in corpus (4)

• The Aligned Orbit of the Eccentric Proto Hot Jupiter TOI-3362b
• The Spin-Orbit Alignment of 8 Warm Gas Giant Systems
• gaspery: Optimized Scheduling of Radial Velocity Follow-Up Observations for Active Host Stars
• POSEIDON II: The Anti-Aligned Orbit of the Warm Neptune TOI-1710 A b