The Dynamics of the Multi-planet System Orbiting Kepler-56

Abstract

Kepler-56 is a multi-planet system containing two coplanar inner planets that are in orbits misaligned with respect to the spin axis of the host star, and an outer planet. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the broad distribution of spin-orbit angles among exoplanets, and these theories fall under two broad categories. The first is based on dynamical interactions in a multi-body system, while the other assumes that disk migration is the driving mechanism in planetary configuration and that the star (or disk) is titled with respect to the planetary plane. Here we show that the large observed obliquity of Kepler-56 system is consistent with a dynamical origin. In addition, we use observations by Huber et al. (2013) to derive the obliquity's probability distribution function, thus improving the constrained lower limit. The outer planet may be the cause of the inner planets' large obliquities, and we give the probability distribution function of its inclination, which depends on the initial orbital configuration of the planetary system. We show that even in the presence of precise measurement of the true obliquity, one cannot distinguish the initial configurations. Finally we consider the fate of the system as the star continues to evolve beyond the main sequence, and we find that the obliquity of the system will not undergo major variations as the star climbs the red giant branch. We follow the evolution of the system and find that the innermost planet will be engulfed in ~129 Myr. Furthermore we put an upper limit of ~155 Myr for the engulfment of the second planet. This corresponds to ~ 3% of the current age of the star.

arXiv comment9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (60)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal friction
• Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering
• The Keck Planet Search: Detectability and the Minimum Mass and Orbital Period Distribution of Extrasolar Planets
• Architecture and Dynamics of Kepler's Candidate Multiple Transiting Planet Systems
• Hot Stars with Hot Jupiters Have High Obliquities
• Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments
• Hot Jupiters from Secular Planet--Planet Interactions
• Formation of Hot Planets by a combination of planet scattering, tidal circularization, and Kozai mechanism
• Spin-orbit angle measurements for six southern transiting planets; New insights into the dynamical origins of hot Jupiters
• Secular Chaos and the Production of Hot Jupiters
• Secular Dynamics in Hierarchical Three-Body Systems
• The Equilibrium-Tide Model for Tidal Friction
• Runaway migration and the formation of hot Jupiters
• Chaotic star formation and the alignment of stellar rotation with disc and planetary orbital axes
• Orbital Evolution and Migration of Giant Planets: Modeling Extrasolar Planets
• Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System
• On the Formation of Hot Jupiters in Stellar Binaries
• Exoplanetary Spin-Orbit Alignment: Results from the Ensemble of Rossiter-McLaughlin Observations
• Retired A Stars and Their Companions: Exoplanets Orbiting Three Intermediate-Mass Subgiants
• Internal Gravity Waves in Massive Stars: Angular Momentum Transport
• Architecture of Planetary Systems Based on Kepler Data: Number of Planets and Coplanarity
• Alignment of the stellar spin with the orbits of a three-planet system
• Retired A Stars and Their Companions. III. Comparing the Mass-Period Distributions of Planets Around A-Type Stars and Sun-Like Stars
• Evolution of Spin Direction of Accreting Magnetic Protostars and Spin-Orbit Misalignment in Exoplanetary Systems
• Eccentricity growth and orbit flip in coplanar hierarchical three body systems
• Satellite dynamics on the Laplace surface
• Asteroseismic determination of obliquities of the exoplanet systems Kepler-50 and Kepler-65
• Low stellar obliquities in compact multiplanet systems
• Internal Gravity Waves Modulate the Apparent Misalignment of Exoplanets around Hot Stars
• Chaos in the Test Particle Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Mechanism
• Characterizing the Cool KOIs IV: Kepler-32 as a prototype for the formation of compact planetary systems throughout the Galaxy
• Tides and Tidal Engulfment in Post-Main Sequence Binaries: Period Gaps for Planets and Brown Dwarfs Around White Dwarfs
• A natural formation scenario for misaligned and short-period eccentric extrasolar planets
• WASP-52b, WASP-58b, WASP-59b, and WASP-60b: four new transiting close-in giant planets
• Kepler-91b: a planet at the end of its life. Planet and giant host star properties via light-curve variations
• Evidence for the Tidal Destruction of Hot Jupiters by Subgiant Stars
• Planet-Planet Eclipse and the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect of a Multiple Transiting System: Joint Analysis of the Subaru Spectroscopy and the Kepler Photometry
• Discerning Exoplanet Migration Models Using Spin-Orbit Measurements
• Planetary Systems in Binaries. I. Dynamical Classification
• What asteroseismology can do for exoplanets: Kepler-410A b is a Small Neptune around a bright star, in an eccentric orbit consistent with low obliquity
• The determination of planetary structure in tidally relaxed inclined systems
• An Exoplanet's Response to Anisotropic Stellar Mass-Loss During Birth and Death
• Tidal Dissipation and Obliquity Evolution in Hot Jupiter Systems
• Early Excitation of Spin-Orbit Misalignments in Close-in Planetary Systems
• Star Hoppers: Planet Instability and Capture in Evolving Binary Systems
• Spin-orbit inclinations of the exoplanetary systems HAT-P-8, HAT-P-9, HAT-P-16 and HAT-P-23
• Planetary Companions to Evolved Intermediate-Mass Stars: 14 Andromedae, 81 Ceti, 6 Lyncis, and HD 167042
• Why is there a Dearth of Close-In Planets around Fast-Rotating stars?
• Compact planetary systems perturbed by an inclined companion: II. Stellar spin-orbit evolution
• A lack of short-period multiplanet systems with close-proximity pairs and the curious case of Kepler 42
• A tidally destructed massive planet as the progenitor of the two light planets around the sdB star KIC 05807616
• The Posterior Distribution of sin(i) for Exoplanets with M_T sin(i) Determined from Radial Velocity Data
• 55 Cancri: A Coplanar Planetary System that is Likely Misaligned with its Star
• Evaporation of Jupiter like planets orbiting extreme horizontal branch stars
• Dynamical Instabilities in High-Obliquity Systems
• Planets on the Edge
• Accumulated Tidal Heating of Stars Over Multiple Pericenter Passages Near SgrA*
• Tidally-Induced Apsidal Precession in Double White Dwarfs: a new mass measurement tool with LISA

Cited by in corpus (35)

• The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications
• Origins of Hot Jupiters
• Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities
• Stellar obliquities in exoplanetary systems
• The Planet Nine Hypothesis
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) III: a two-planet system in the 400 Myr Ursa Major Group
• The effects of external planets on inner systems: multiplicities, inclinations, and pathways to eccentric warm Jupiters
• Spin-Orbit Angles of Kepler-13Ab and HAT-P-7b from Gravity-Darkened Transit Light Curves
• Are Tidal Effects Responsible for Exoplanetary Spin-Orbit Alignment?
• Dynamically hot Super-Earths from outer giant planet scattering
• The Orbit and Mass of the Third Planet in the Kepler-56 System
• Perturbation of Compact Planetary Systems by Distant Giant Planets
• A low stellar obliquity for WASP-47, a compact multiplanet system with a hot Jupiter and an ultra-short period planet
• The signatures of the parental cluster on field planetary systems
• Hidden Planetary Friends: On the Stability Of 2-Planet Systems in the Presence of a Distant, Inclined Companion
• The Aligned Orbit of WASP-148b, the Only Known Hot Jupiter with a Nearby Warm Jupiter Companion, from NEID and HIRES
• Outer-planet scattering can gently tilt an inner planetary system
• Speeding past planets? Asteroids radiatively propelled by giant branch Yarkovsky effects
• TKS III: A Stellar Obliquity Measurement of TOI-1726 c
• Fly-by encounters between two planetary systems II: Exploring the interactions of diverse planetary system architectures
• How do External Companions Affect Spin-Orbit Misalignment of Hot Jupiters?
• Transit Probabilities in Secularly Evolving Planetary Systems
• The critical binary star separation for a planetary system origin of white dwarf pollution
• The chaotic history of the retrograde multi-planet system in K2-290A driven by distant stars
• The LHS 1678 System: Two Earth-Sized Transiting Planets and an Astrometric Companion Orbiting an M Dwarf Near the Convective Boundary at 20 pc
• Relativistic Dynamical Stability Criterion of Multi-Planet Systems with a Distant Companion
• Hot planets around cool stars -- two short-period mini-Neptunes transiting the late K-dwarf TOI-1260
• Synergies between Asteroseismology and Exoplanetary Science
• Revisiting the Architecture of the KOI-89 System
• Hiding Planets Near and Far: The Parameter Space of Hidden Companions for Known Planetary Systems
• Revisiting the Full Sets of Orbital Parameters for the XO-3 System: No evidence for Temporal Variation of the Spin-Orbit Angle
• A simple model to describe intrinsic stellar noise for exoplanet detection around red giants
• Engulfment of a hot Jupiter as a possible origin of the rapid spin and internal spin misalignment of the planet-hosting red giant Kepler-56
• Effective two-body scatterings around a massive object
• A search for transits among the δ Scuti variables in Kepler