The 3-dimensional architecture of the Upsilon Andromedae planetary system

Abstract

The Upsilon Andromedae system is the first exoplanetary system to have the relative inclination of two planets' orbital planes directly measured, and therefore offers our first window into the 3-dimensional configurations of planetary systems. We present, for the first time, full 3-dimensional, dynamically stable configurations for the 3 planets of the system consistent with all observational constraints. While the outer 2 planets, c and d, are inclined by about 30 degrees, the inner planet's orbital plane has not been detected. We use N-body simulations to search for stable 3-planet configurations that are consistent with the combined radial velocity and astrometric solution. We find that only 10 trials out of 1000 are robustly stable on 100 Myr timescales, or about 8 billion orbits of planet b. Planet b's orbit must lie near the invariable plane of planets c and d, but can be either prograde or retrograde. These solutions predict b's mass is in the range 2 - 9 $M_{Jup}$ and has an inclination angle from the sky plane of less than 25 degrees. Combined with brightness variations in the combined star/planet light curve ("phase curve"), our results imply that planet b's radius is about 1.8 $R_{Jup}$, relatively large for a planet of its age. However, the eccentricity of b in several of our stable solutions reaches values greater than 0.1, generating upwards of $10^{19}$ watts in the interior of the planet via tidal dissipation, possibly inflating the radius to an amount consistent with phase curve observations.

17 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ; revised statement in Section 1.1, references added, results unchanged

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Cited by in corpus (12)

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• On the 3D secular dynamics of radial-velocity-detected planetary systems
• Simulating Reflected Light Exoplanet Spectra of the Promising Direct Imaging Target, $\upsilon$ Andromedae d, with a New, Fast Sampling Method Using the Planetary Spectrum Generator
• The phase-space architecture in extrasolar systems with two planets in orbits of high mutual inclination
• Secular orbital dynamics of the innermost exoplanet of the $\upsilon$-Andromedæ system
• Search for possible exomoons with FAST telescope
• A Trio of Giant Planets Orbiting Evolved Star HD 184010
• Existence proof of librational invariant tori in an averaged model of HD60532 planetary system
• Dual-Backend Multibeam Position Switching Targeted SETI Observations toward Nearby Active Planet-Hosting Systems with FAST
• Gravitational quantization of exoplanet orbits in 55 Cnc, $\upsilon$ And, Kepler-11, Kepler-20, and Kepler-90