A Trio of Giant Planets Orbiting Evolved Star HD 184010

Abstract

We report the discovery of a triple-giant-planet system around an evolved star HD 184010 (HR 7421, HIP 96016). This discovery is based on observations from Okayama Planet Search Program, a precise radial velocity survey, undertaken at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory between 2004 April and 2021 June. The star is K0 type and located at beginning of the red-giant branch. It has a mass of $1.35_{-0.21}^{+0.19}{M}_{\odot }$, a radius of $4.86_{-0.49}^{+0.55}{R}_{\odot }$, and a surface gravity $\log g$ of $3.18_{-0.07}^{+0.08}$. The planetary system is composed of three giant planets in a compact configuration: The planets have minimum masses of $M_{\mathrm{b}}\sin i=0.31_{-0.04}^{+0.03}{M}_{\mathrm{J}}$, $M_{\mathrm{c}}\sin i=0.30_{-0.05}^{+0.04}{M}_{\mathrm{J}}$, and $M_{\mathrm{d}}\sin i=0.45_{-0.06}^{+0.04}{M}_{\mathrm{J}}$, and orbital periods of $P_{\mathrm{b}}=286.6_{-0.7}^{+2.4}\mathrm{d}$, $P_{\mathrm{c}}=484.3_{-3.5}^{+5.5}\mathrm{d}$, and $P_{\mathrm{d}}=836.4_{-8.4}^{+8.4}\mathrm{d}$, respectively, which are derived from a triple Keplerian orbital fit to three sets of radial velocity data. The ratio of orbital periods are close to $P_{\mathrm{d}}:P_{\mathrm{c}}:P_{\mathrm{b}}\sim 21:12:7$, which means the period ratios between neighboring planets are both lower than $2:1$. The dynamical stability analysis reveals that the planets should have near-circular orbits. The system could remain stable over 1 Gyr, initialized from co-planar orbits, low eccentricities ($e=0.05$), and planet masses equal to the minimum mass derived from the best-fit circular orbit fitting. Besides, the planets are not likely in mean motion resonance. HD 184010 system is unique: it is the first system discovered to have a highly evolved star ($\log g<3.5$ cgs) and more than two giant planets all with intermediate orbital periods ($10^2\mathrm{d}<\mathrm{P}<10^3\mathrm{d}$).

arXiv comment20 pages, 5 figures, Published in PASJ

References in corpus (68)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• The Gaia mission
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Convective Boundaries, Element Diffusion, and Massive Star Explosions
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal friction
• A 3D Dust Map Based on Gaia, Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: The astrometric solution
• The All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) Light Curve Server v1.0
• Towards a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation I: a Desert in the Mass and Semi Major Axis Distributions of Extra Solar Planets
• Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering
• Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets
• The NASA Exoplanet Archive: Data and Tools for Exoplanet Research
• Planet Migration and Binary Companions: the case of HD 80606b
• The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets VII. Two short-period Saturnian companions to HD108147 and HD168746
• Database of Geneva stellar evolution tracks and isochrones for UBVRIJHKLL'M, HST-WFPC2, Geneva and Washington photometric systems
• Formation of Hot Planets by a combination of planet scattering, tidal circularization, and Kozai mechanism
• RadVel: The Radial Velocity Modeling Toolkit
• Chromospheric Activity and Jitter Measurements for 2630 Stars on the California Planet Search
• Improving the Efficiency of Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Analyzing the Orbits of Extrasolar Planets
• Origins of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets: Testing the Planet-Planet Scattering Model
• Secular Chaos and the Production of Hot Jupiters
• Assessing statistical significance of periodogram peaks
• Runaway migration and the formation of hot Jupiters
• Radial Velocity Jitter in Stars from the California and Carnegie Planet Search at Keck Observatory
• Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System
• Asteroseismology and Gaia: Testing Scaling Relations Using 2200 Kepler Stars with TGAS Parallaxes
• Gas Flow Across Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks
• On Galactic density modeling in the presence of dust extinction
• Radial migration of gap-opening planets in protoplanetary disks. I. The case of a single planet
• Stellar Parameters and Elemental Abundances of Late-G Giants
• Statistics of Long Period Gas Giant Planets in Known Planetary Systems
• Retired A Stars and Their Companions: Eighteen New Jovian Planets
• Formation of a disc gap induced by a planet: Effect of the deviation from Keplerian disc rotation
• Four New Exoplanets and Hints of Additional Substellar Companions to Exoplanet Host Stars
• Amplitudes of solar-like oscillations: a new scaling relation
• The impact of red noise in radial velocity planet searches: Only three planets orbiting GJ581?
• The Pan-Pacific Planet Search. I. A Giant Planet Orbiting 7 CMa
• Substellar-mass companions to the K-dwarf BD +14 4559 and the K-giants HD 240210 and BD +20 2457
• Stacked Bayesian general Lomb-Scargle periodogram: Identifying stellar activity signals
• A Bayesian Periodogram Finds Evidence for Three Planets in 47 Ursae Majoris
• Slowing Down Type II Migration of Gas Giants to Match Observational Data
• A Double Planetary System around the Evolved Intermediate-Mass Star HD 4732
• Bisectors of the cross-correlation function applied to stellar spectra. Discriminating stellar activity, oscillations and planets
• Newly-Discovered Planets Orbiting HD~5319, HD~11506, HD~75784 and HD~10442 from the N2K Consortium
• Substellar Companions to Seven Evolved Intermediate-Mass Stars
• Astrophysical Insights into Radial Velocity Jitter from an Analysis of 600 Planet-search Stars
• The Orbit and Mass of the Third Planet in the Kepler-56 System
• Planetary Companions to Three Evolved Intermediate-Mass Stars: HD 2952, HD 120084, and omega Serpentis
• The 3-dimensional architecture of the Upsilon Andromedae planetary system
• Outer-planet scattering can gently tilt an inner planetary system
• The Pan-Pacific Planet Search. IV. Two super-Jupiters in a 3:5 resonance orbiting the giant star HD33844
• Spectroscopic study of red giants in the Kepler field with asteroseismologically established evolutionary status and stellar parameters
• A Third Planet Orbiting HIP 14810
• Three planets around HD 27894. A close-in pair with a 2:1 period ratio and an eccentric Jovian planet at 5.4 AU
• Two Jovian planets around the giant star HD202696. A growing population of packed massive planetary pairs around massive stars?
• Planets around the evolved stars 24 Booties and $\gamma$ Libra: A 30d-period planet and a double giant-planet system in possible 7:3 MMR
• A Pair of Giant Planets around the Evolved Intermediate-Mass Star HD 47366: Multiple Circular Orbits or a Mutually Retrograde Configuration
• Regular Radial Velocity Variations in Nine G- and K-type Giant Stars: Eight Planets and One Planet Candidate