Three planets around HD 27894. A close-in pair with a 2:1 period ratio and an eccentric Jovian planet at 5.4 AU

Abstract

Aims. Our new program with HARPS aims to detect mean motion resonant planetary systems around stars which were previously reported to have a single bona fide planet, often based only on sparse radial velocity data. Methods. Archival and new HARPS radial velocities for the K2V star HD 27894 were combined and fitted with a three-planet self-consistent dynamical model. The best-fit orbit was tested for long-term stability. Results. We find clear evidence that HD 27894 is hosting at least three massive planets. In addition to the already known Jovian planet with a period $P_{\mathrm{b}}$ $\approx$ 18 days we discover a Saturn-mass planet with $P_{\mathrm{c}}$ $\approx$ 36 days, likely in a 2:1 mean motion resonance with the first planet, and a cold massive planet ($\approx$ 5.3 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) with a period $P_{\mathrm{d}}$ $\approx$ 5170 days on a moderately eccentric orbit ($e_{\mathrm{d}}$ = 0.39). Conclusions. HD 27894 is hosting a massive, eccentric giant planet orbiting around a tightly packed inner pair of massive planets likely involved in an asymmetric 2:1 mean motion resonance. HD 27894 may be an important milestone for probing planetary formation and evolution scenarios.

4 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A Letters to the Editor

References in corpus (3)

• The generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram. A new formalism for the floating-mean and Keplerian periodograms
• Introduction to astroML: Machine Learning for Astrophysics
• Disentangling 2:1 resonant radial velocity orbits from eccentric ones and a case study for HD 27894

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