Terrestrial Planet Formation at Home and Abroad

Abstract

We review the state of the field of terrestrial planet formation with the goal of understanding the formation of the inner Solar System and low-mass exoplanets. We review the dynamics and timescales of accretion from planetesimals to planetary embryos and from embryos to terrestrial planets. We discuss radial mixing and water delivery, planetary spins and the importance of parameters regarding the disk and embryo properties. Next, we connect accretion models to exoplanets. We first explain why the observed hot Super Earths probably formed by in situ accretion or inward migration. We show how terrestrial planet formation is altered in systems with gas giants by the mechanisms of giant planet migration and dynamical instabilities. Standard models of terrestrial accretion fail to reproduce the inner Solar System. The "Grand Tack" model solves this problem using ideas first developed to explain the giant exoplanets. Finally, we discuss whether most terrestrial planet systems form in the same way as ours, and highlight the key ingredients missing in the current generation of simulations.

Reduced to 24 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication as a chapter in Protostars and Planets VI, University of Arizona Press (2014), eds. H. Beuther, R. Klessen, C. Dullemond, Th. Henning. (Updated references)

References in corpus (1)

• No universal minimum-mass extrasolar nebula: Evidence against in-situ accretion of systems of hot super-Earths

Cited by in corpus (44)

• Extreme Water Loss and Abiotic O${}_2$ Buildup On Planets Throughout the Habitable Zones of M Dwarfs
• Origin of water in the inner Solar System: Planetesimals scattered inward during Jupiter and Saturn's rapid gas accretion
• Chemical enrichment of giant planets and discs due to pebble drift
• Probing for Exoplanets Hiding in Dusty Debris Disks: Disk Imaging, Characterization, and Exploration with HST/STIS Multi-Roll Coronagraphy
• No universal minimum-mass extrasolar nebula: Evidence against in-situ accretion of systems of hot super-Earths
• The Delivery of Water During Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability
• Origin of Earth's water: sources and constraints
• Solar System Formation in the Context of Extra-Solar Planets
• Large Impacts around a Solar Analog Star in the Era of Terrestrial Planet Formation
• A primordial origin for the composition similarity between the Earth and the Moon
• The Grand Tack model: a critical review
• Formation, tidal evolution and habitability of the Kepler-186 system
• Escape and fractionation of volatiles and noble gases from Mars-sized planetary embryos and growing protoplanets
• Chemical Diversity of Super-Earths As a Consequence of Formation
• Runaway gas accretion and gap opening versus type~I migration
• Oxygen False Positives on Habitable Zone Planets Around Sun-Like Stars
• The Magellan-TESS Survey I: Survey Description and Mid-Survey Results
• Understanding the assembly of Kepler's compact planetary systems
• Secular Effects of Tidal Damping in Compact Planetary Systems
• The contribution of the ARIEL space mission to the study of planetary formation
• The Fundamental Connections Between the Solar System and Exoplanetary Science
• Transfer, loss and physical processing of water in hit-and-run collisions of planetary embryos
• From Dust to Planets I: Planetesimal and Embryo Formation
• Earths in Other Solar Systems N-body simulations: the Role of Orbital Damping in Reproducing the Kepler Planetary Systems
• Formation of Terrestrial Planets
• Earth and Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Stochasticity & Predictability in Terrestrial Planet Formation
• Investigating the Feasibility of an Impact-Induced Martian Dichotomy
• A Star-sized Impact-Produced Dust Clump in the Terrestrial Zone of the HD 166191 System
• Disruption of co-orbital (1:1) planetary resonances during gas-driven orbital migration
• Sensitivity of Carbon and Oxygen Yields to the Triple-Alpha Resonance in Massive Stars
• Quantitative estimates of impact induced crustal erosion during accretion and its influence on the Sm/Nd ratio of the Earth
• Brief Follow-up on Recent Studies of Theia's Accretion
• Photosynthetic Potential of Planets in 3:2 Spin Orbit Resonances
• Connecting Planetary Composition with Formation
• How the presence of a giant planet affects the outcome of terrestrial planet formation simulations
• Follow the Water: Finding Water, Snow and Clouds on Terrestrial Exoplanets with Photometry and Machine Learning
• Observational constraints on the formation and evolution of Neptune-class exoplanets
• Can narrow disks in the inner solar system explain the four terrestrial planets?
• Planet formation: key mechanisms and global models
• Growth of asteroids, planetary embryos and Kuiper belt objects by chondrule accretion
• The Most Common Habitable Planets II -- Salty Oceans in Low Mass Habitable Planets and Global Climate Evolution
• "In-System" Fission-Events: An Insight into Puzzles of Exoplanets and Stars?