Two accreting protoplanets around the young star PDS 70

Abstract

Newly forming proto-planets are expected to create cavities and substructures in young, gas-rich proto-planetary disks, but they are difficult to detect as they could be confused with disk features affected by advanced image-analysis techniques. Recently, a planet was discovered inside the gap of the transitional disk of the T-Tauri star PDS 70. Here we report on the detection of strong H-alpha emission from two distinct locations in the PDS 70 system, one corresponding to the previously discovered planet PDS 70 b, which confirms the earlier H$\alpha$ detection, and another located close to the outer-edge of the gap, coinciding with a previously identified bright dust spot in the disk and with a small opening in a ring of molecular emission. We identify this second H$\alpha$ peak as a second proto-planet in the PDS 70 system. The H$\alpha$ emission spectra of both proto-planets indicate ongoing accretion onto the proto-planets, which appear to be near a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Our observations show that adaptive-optics-assisted, medium-resolution, integral-field spectroscopy with MUSE targeting accretion signatures will be a powerful way to trace ongoing planet formation in transitional disks at different stages of their evolution. Finding more young planetary systems in mean motion resonance would give credibility to the Grand Tack hypothesis in which Jupiter and Saturn migrated in a resonance orbit during the early formation period of our Solar System.

arXiv commentNature Astronomy, June 3, 2019; 15 pages, 3 Figs, 1 Table

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• Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
• Atmospheric Signatures of Common Envelope Evolution in White Dwarf Planets
• Searching for Embedded Protoplanets with the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph: Confirmation of a Core-accretion Planet in the Narrow Gap of the Elias 2-24 Disk
• Potential sublimating exocomets around the young star PDS 70
• Longterm Stability of Planetary Systems formed from a Transitional Disk
• Variable structure in the PDS70 disc and uncertainties in radio-interferometric image restoration
• A spatially-resolved large cavity of the J0337 protoplanetary disk in Perseus
• Keck Observations in the INfrared of Taurus and $\rho$ Oph Exoplanets And Ultracool dwarfs (KOINTREAU) II: Two Young Bound Companions to Ophiuchus Stars
• Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization Complex Mask Coronagraph (PIAACMC) on-sky demonstration with MagAO-X
• Searching for the Grand Tack in Exoplanetary Data
• Modelling shadows in scattered light observations as signals from companions in protoplanetary discs
• Photometric and Astrometric Information for Sources around HD~163296 Revealed by JWST/NIRCam Coronagraphy
• Reading between the rings: observed dust ring properties as probes of planet masses
• Linking Outer Disk Pebble Dynamics and Gaps to Inner Disk Water Enrichment
• Searching for Exotrojans in Pulsar Systems
• Interpreting ALMA Multiwavelength Continuum Observations of PDS 70 c: An Optically Thick Dust Ring in the Circumplanetary Disk