The Chemical Inventory of the Inner Regions of Planet-forming Disks -- The JWST/MINDS Program

Abstract

The understanding of planet formation has changed recently, embracing the new idea of pebble accretion. This means that the influx of pebbles from the outer regions of planet-forming disks to their inner zones could determine the composition of planets and their atmospheres. The solid and molecular components delivered to the planet-forming region can be best characterized by mid-infrared spectroscopy. With Spitzer low-resolution (R=100, 600) spectroscopy, this approach was limited to the detection of abundant molecules such as H2O, C2H2, HCN and CO2. This contribution will present first results of the MINDS (MIRI mid-IR Disk Survey, PI: Th. Henning) project. Due do the sensitivity and spectral resolution (R~1500-3500) provided by JWST we now have a unique tool to obtain the full inventory of chemistry in the inner disks of solar-types stars and brown dwarfs, including also less abundant hydrocarbons and isotopologues. The Integral Field Unit (IFU) capabilities enable at the same time spatial studies of the continuum and line emission in extended sources such as debris disks, the flying saucer and also the search for mid-IR signatures of forming planets in systems such as PDS70. These JWST observations are complementary to ALMA and NOEMA observations of the outer disk chemistry; together these datasets provide an integral view of the processes occurring during the planet formation phase.

14 pages, 8 figures, authors version of the manuscript submitted 22.1.2023 for the Faraday Discussion "Astrochemistry at high resolution", accepted 21.3.2023

References in corpus (32)

• Two accreting protoplanets around the young star PDS 70
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects in Lupus: Accretion properties of class II and transitional objects
• Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
• The imprint of exoplanet formation history on observable present-day spectra of hot Jupiters
• The Stellar Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Region
• VIP: Vortex Image Processing package for high-contrast direct imaging
• How drifting and evaporating pebbles shape giant planets I: Heavy element content and atmospheric C/O
• CO Depletion in Protoplanetary Disks: A Unified Picture Combining Physical Sequestration and Chemical Processing
• Volatile Delivery to Planets from Water-rich Planetesimals around Low Mass Stars
• Formation of simple organic molecules in inner T Tauri disks
• Tracing the inner edge of the disk around HD 100546 with Ro-vibrational CO Emission Lines
• Hints for icy pebble migration feeding an oxygen-rich chemistry in the inner planet-forming region of disks
• Tracing water vapor and ice during dust growth
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks: II. Chemical networks and rates
• The depletion of water during dispersal of planet-forming disk regions
• Spectroscopy of brown dwarf candidates in IC 348 and the determination of its substellar IMF down to planetary masses
• The VLTI / PIONIER near-infrared interferometric survey of southern T Tauri stars. I. First results
• Constraining disk evolution prescriptions of planet population synthesis models with observed disk masses and accretion rates
• Ro-vibrational excitation of an organic molecule (HCN) in protoplanetary disks
• OH mid-infrared emission as a diagnostic of H${}_2$O UV photodissociation. I. Model and application to the HH 211 shock
• Demographics of disks around young very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus
• Observing Carbon & Oxygen Carriers in Protoplanetary Disks at Mid-infrared Wavelengths
• Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks IV. A panchromatic view of protoplanetary disks
• Depletion of gaseous CO in protoplanetary disks by surface-energy-regulated ice formation
• Chemical evolution in ices on drifting, planet-forming pebbles
• Forming planets around stars with non-solar elemental composition
• Water UV-shielding in the terrestrial planet-forming zone: Implications for carbon dioxide emission
• The effects of dust evolution on disks in the mid-IR
• Millimeter Spectral Indices and Dust Trapping By Planets in Brown Dwarf Disks
• The infrared line-emitting regions of T Tauri protoplanetary disks
• CLIcK: a Continuum and Line fItting Kit for circumstellar disks
• Mid-infrared blends and continuum signatures of dust drift and accretion in protoplanetary disks

Cited by in corpus (21)

• The diverse chemistry of protoplanetary disks as revealed by JWST
• MINDS. Hydrocarbons detected by JWST/MIRI in the inner disk of Sz28 consistent with a high C/O gas-phase chemistry
• JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS): overview of program and early results
• Bayesian Analysis of Molecular Emission and Dust Continuum of Protoplanetary Disks
• MINDS. A multi-instrument investigation into the molecule-rich JWST-MIRI spectrum of the DF Tau binary system
• CO2-rich protoplanetary discs as a probe of dust radial drift & trapping
• MINDS. JWST-MIRI reveals a peculiar CO${}_2$-rich chemistry in the drift-dominated disk CX Tau
• MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample -- Hidden water in carbon-dominated protoplanetary disks
• PDRs4All. X. ALMA and JWST detection of neutral carbon in the externally irradiated disk d203-506: Undepleted gas-phase carbon
• Understanding JWST water spectra: what can thermochemical models tell us about the (cold) water in protoplanetary disks?
• Planet formation in chemically diverse and evolving discs -- I. Composition of planetary building blocks
• Radiative Nonideal MHD Simulations of Inner Protoplanetary Disks: Temperature Structures, Asymmetric Winds, and Episodic Surface Accretion
• MINDS. Strong oxygen depletion in the inner regions of a very low-mass star disk?
• Extended source fringe flats for the JWST MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrometer
• MINDS. Cha Hα 1, a brown dwarf with a hydrocarbon-rich disk
• Tracking the Chemical Evolution of Hydrocarbons Through Carbon Grain Supply in Protoplanetary Disks
• MINDS. Young binary systems with JWST/MIRI: Variable water-rich primaries and extended emission
• Water vapor emission at the warm cavity wall of the HD 100546 disk as revealed by ALMA
• MINDS survey of silicates in T Tauri disks: Correlation between dust and gas
• Gas chemistry in the dust depleted inner regions of protoplanetary disks. I. Near-IR spectra and overtones
• MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample II. Probing disk settling, dust properties, and dust-gas interplay with JWST/MIRI