Kinematic and thermal signatures of the directly imaged protoplanet candidate around Elias 2-24

Abstract

We report kinematic and thermal signatures associated with the directly imaged protoplanet candidate in the Elias 2-24 disc. Using the DSHARP ALMA observations of the ${}^{12}$CO J=2-1 line, we show that the disc kinematics are perturbed, with a detached CO emission spot at the location of the planet candidate and traces of spiral wakes, and also that the observed CO emission intensities require local heating. While the foreground extinction hides the velocity channels associated with the planet, preventing a planet mass estimate, the level of gas heating implied by the CO emission indicates the presence of a warm, embedded giant planet. Comparison with models show this could either be a $\gtrsim 5$M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$, or a lower mass ( $\gtrsim 2$M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) but accreting proto-planet.

6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters

References in corpus (20)

• On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters
• Two accreting protoplanets around the young star PDS 70
• Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
• Fundamental limitations of high contrast imaging set by small sample statistics
• VIP: Vortex Image Processing package for high-contrast direct imaging
• Accreting Circumplanetary Disks: Observational Signatures
• Nine localised deviations from Keplerian rotation in the DSHARP circumstellar disks: Kinematic evidence for protoplanets carving the gaps
• A new planet candidate detected in a dust gap of the disc around HD 163296 through localised kinematic signatures. An observational validation of the Discminer
• Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks II. -- SEDs and Near-Infrared Fluxes
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). A Circumplanetary Disk Candidate in Molecular Line Emission in the AS 209 Disk
• Separating extended disc features from the protoplanet in PDS 70 using VLT/SINFONI
• Limits on Millimeter Continuum Emission from Circumplanetary Material in the DSHARP Disks
• Mapping the Complex Kinematic Substructure in the TW Hya Disk
• ALMA observations of Elias 2-24: a protoplanetary disk with multiple gaps in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud
• Mapping the Planetary Wake in HD 163296 with Kinematics
• Sustained FU Orionis-type outbursts from colliding discs in stellar flybys
• A search for companions via direct imaging in the DSHARP planet-forming disks
• Kinematic evidence for an embedded planet in the IM Lupi disc
• External or internal companion exciting the spiral arms in CQ Tau?
• A faint companion around CrA-9: protoplanet or obscured binary?

Cited by in corpus (8)

• SO and SiS Emission Tracing an Embedded Planet and Compact ${}^{12}$CO and ${}^{13}$CO Counterparts in the HD 169142 Disk
• The maximum accretion rate of a protoplanet: how fast can runaway be?
• Chemical footprints of giant planet formation. Role of planet accretion in shaping the C/O ratio of protoplanetary disks
• Mixing is easy: New insights for cosmochemical evolution from pre-stellar core collapse
• Three-temperature radiation hydrodynamics with PLUTO: Thermal and kinematic signatures of accreting protoplanets
• Resurgence of CO in a warm bubble around accreting protoplanets and its observability
• Dust traps and gas kinematic signatures in a crescent structure of a planet-forming disk
• Searching for Embedded Protoplanets with the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph: Confirmation of a Core-accretion Planet in the Narrow Gap of the Elias 2-24 Disk