Kinematic and thermal signatures of the directly imaged protoplanet candidate around Elias 2-24

Abstract

We report kinematic and thermal signatures associated with the directly imaged protoplanet candidate in the Elias 2-24 disc. Using the DSHARP ALMA observations of the ${}^{12}$CO J=2-1 line, we show that the disc kinematics are perturbed, with a detached CO emission spot at the location of the planet candidate and traces of spiral wakes, and also that the observed CO emission intensities require local heating. While the foreground extinction hides the velocity channels associated with the planet, preventing a planet mass estimate, the level of gas heating implied by the CO emission indicates the presence of a warm, embedded giant planet. Comparison with models show this could either be a $\gtrsim 5$M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$, or a lower mass ( $\gtrsim 2$M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) but accreting proto-planet.

arXiv comment6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters

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• Resurgence of CO in a warm bubble around accreting protoplanets and its observability
• Dust traps and gas kinematic signatures in a crescent structure of a planet-forming disk
• Searching for Embedded Protoplanets with the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph: Confirmation of a Core-accretion Planet in the Narrow Gap of the Elias 2-24 Disk