Constraints on PDS 70 b and c from the dust continuum emission of the circumplanetary discs considering in situ dust evolution

Abstract

The young T Tauri star PDS 70 has two gas accreting planets sharing one large gap in a pre-transitional disc. Dust continuum emission from PDS 70 c has been detected by Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 7, considered as the evidence of a circumplanetary disc, but the emission from PDS 70 b has not. We constrain the planet mass and the gas accretion rate of the planets by introducing a model of dust evolution in the CPDs and reproducing the detection and non-detection. We first develop a 1D steady gas disc model of the CPDs reflecting the planet properties. We then calculate the radial distribution of the dust profiles considering the dust evolution in the gas disc and calculate the total flux density of dust thermal emission from the CPDs. We find positive correlations between the flux density and three planet properties, the planet mass, gas accretion rate, and their product called "MMdot". We then find that the MMdot of PDS 70 c is larger than 0.4 MJ^2/Myr, and the planet mass and the gas accretion rate are larger than 5MJ and 0.02 MJ/Myr, respectively. This is the first case to succeed in obtaining constraints on planet properties from the flux density of dust continuum from a CPD. We also find some loose constraints on the properties of PDS 70 b from the non-detection. We propose possible scenarios for the planets explaining the non-detection respectively detection of the dust emission. The first explanation is that planet c has larger planet mass and/or larger gas accretion rate than planet b. The other possibility is that the CPD of planet c has a larger amount of dust supply and/or weaker turbulence than that of planet b. If the dust supply to planet c is larger than b due to its closeness to the outer dust ring, it is also quantitatively consistent with that planet c has weaker H-alpha line emission than planet b considering the dust extinction effect.

18 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (38)

• The Gaia mission
• Particle Stirring in Turbulent Gas Disks: Including Orbital Oscillations
• Two accreting protoplanets around the young star PDS 70
• Closed-form expressions for particle relative velocities induced by turbulence
• A Circumplanetary Disk Around PDS70c
• The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS). I. Bern global model of planet formation and evolution, model tests, and emerging planetary systems
• Submillimeter emission associated with candidate protoplanets
• Accreting Circumplanetary Disks: Observational Signatures
• Highly structured disk around the planet host PDS 70 revealed by high-angular resolution observations with ALMA
• Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY
• The Structure of Pre-transitional Protoplanetary Disks. II. Azimuthal Asymmetries, Different Radial Distributions of Large and Small Dust Grains in PDS~70
• Evidence for a circumplanetary disk around protoplanet PDS 70 b
• Accretion Properties of PDS 70b with MUSE
• Hubble Space Telescope UV and H$\alpha$ Measurements of the Accretion Excess Emission from the Young Giant Planet PDS 70 b
• On the Viability of the Magnetorotational Instability in Circumplanetary Disks
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). A Circumplanetary Disk Candidate in Molecular Line Emission in the AS 209 Disk
• Separating extended disc features from the protoplanet in PDS 70 using VLT/SINFONI
• Shallow Cavities in Multiple-Planet Systems
• Limits on Millimeter Continuum Emission from Circumplanetary Material in the DSHARP Disks
• Shock-driven Accretion in Circumplanetary Disks: Observables and Satellite Formation
• Comparison of planetary Hα-emission models: A new correlation with accretion luminosity
• The Galilean Satellites Formed Slowly from Pebbles
• Meridional Circulation of Dust and Gas in the Circumstellar Disk: Delivery of Solids onto the Circumplanetary Region
• Three-dimensional Simulations of Magnetospheric Accretion in a T Tauri Star: Accretion and Wind Structures Just Around Star
• Accreting protoplanets: Spectral signatures and magnitude of gas and dust extinction at H alpha
• Variable Accretion onto Protoplanet Host Star PDS 70
• Pebble accretion at the origin of water in Europa
• Spectral Energy Distributions of Accreting Protoplanets
• On the structure and mass delivery towards circumplanetary discs
• MINDS: JWST/NIRCam imaging of the protoplanetary disk PDS 70
• Satellitesimal Formation via Collisional Dust Growth in Steady Circumplanetary Disks
• The Planetary Accretion Shock. III. Smoothing-free 2.5D simulations and calculation of H alpha emission
• Hydrodynamic Model of H$\alpha$ Emission from Accretion Shocks of Proto-Giant Planet and Circumplanetary Disk
• Planetesimal formation around the snow line. II. Dust or pebbles?
• Constraining the gas distribution in the PDS 70 disk as a method to assess the effect of planet-disk interactions
• Tentative co-orbital submillimeter emission within the Lagrangian region L5 of the protoplanet PDS 70 b
• Effective dust growth in laminar circumplanetary discs with magnetic wind-driven accretion
• Size-selective accretion of dust onto CPDs: Low CPD masses and filtration of larger grains

Cited by in corpus (4)

• The influence of dust growth on the observational properties of circumplanetary discs
• Occurrence rates of accreting companions from a new method for computing emission-line survey sensitivity: application to the H-alpha Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey
• Semianalytical Accretion-Tracer Emission: Forming Planets Are Intrinsically Faint
• Interpreting ALMA Multiwavelength Continuum Observations of PDS 70 c: An Optically Thick Dust Ring in the Circumplanetary Disk