The Structure of Pre-transitional Protoplanetary Disks. II. Azimuthal Asymmetries, Different Radial Distributions of Large and Small Dust Grains in PDS~70

Abstract

The formation scenario of a gapped disk, i.e., transitional disk, and its asymmetry is still under debate. Proposed scenarios such as disk-planet interaction, photoevaporation, grain growth, anticyclonic vortex, eccentricity, and their combinations would result in different radial distributions of the gas and the small (sub-$\mu$m size) and large (millimeter size) dust grains as well as asymmetric structures in a disk. Optical/near-infrared (NIR) imaging observations and (sub-)millimeter interferometry can trace small and large dust grains, respectively; therefore multi-wavelength observations could help elucidate the origin of complicated structures of a disk. Here we report SMA observations of the dust continuum at 1.3~mm and ${}^{12}$CO~$J=2\to 1$ line emission of the pre-transitional protoplanetary disk around the solar-mass star PDS~70. PDS~70, a weak-lined T Tauri star, exhibits a gap in the scattered light from its disk with a radius of $\sim$65~AU at NIR wavelengths. However, we found a larger gap in the disk with a radius of $\sim$80~AU at 1.3~mm. Emission from all three disk components (the gas and the small and large dust grains) in images exhibits a deficit in brightness in the central region of the disk, in particular, the dust-disk in small and large dust grains has asymmetric brightness. The contrast ratio of the flux density in the dust continuum between the peak position to the opposite side of the disk reaches 1.4. We suggest the asymmetries and different gap-radii of the disk around PDS~70 are potentially formed by several (unseen) accreting planets inducing dust filtration.

Accepted by ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (27)

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• Keck/NIRC2 $L$'-Band Imaging of Jovian-Mass Accreting Protoplanets around PDS 70
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• The Sizes and Depletions of the Dust and Gas Cavities in the Transitional Disk J160421.7-213028
• Are protoplanetary disks born with vortices? -- Rossby wave instability driven by protostellar infall
• Separating extended disc features from the protoplanet in PDS 70 using VLT/SINFONI
• Accreting protoplanets: Spectral signatures and magnitude of gas and dust extinction at H alpha
• PDS 70: A transition disk sculpted by a single planet
• The Giant Accreting Protoplanet Survey (GAPlanetS) -- Results from a Six Year Campaign to Image Accreting Protoplanets
• ALMA Observations of the Asymmetric Dust Disk around DM Tau
• Dust mineralogy and variability of the inner PDS 70 disk
• Vortex stretching in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
• Eccentric gap induced by a super-Jupiter mass planet
• Interpreting Brightness Asymmetries in Transition Disks: Vortex at Dead Zone or Planet Carved Gap Edges?
• ALMA high-resolution observations unveil planet formation shaping molecular emission in the PDS 70 disk
• The detection of dust gap-ring structure in the outer region of the CR Cha protoplanetary disk
• Constraints on PDS 70 b and c from the dust continuum emission of the circumplanetary discs considering in situ dust evolution
• Planet formation in the PDS 70 system: Constraining the atmospheric chemistry of PDS 70b and c
• On the vortex evolution in non-isothermal protoplanetary discs
• A Swift view of X-ray and UV radiation in the planet-forming T-Tauri system PDS 70
• X-ray and UV radiation in the planet-forming T-Tauri system PDS 70. Signs of accretion and coronal activity
• Planetary nurseries: vortices formed at smooth viscosity transition
• ALMA 873 $\mu$m Polarization Observations of the PDS~70 Disk
• Potential sublimating exocomets around the young star PDS 70