The Structure of Pre-transitional Protoplanetary Disks I: Radiative Transfer Modeling of the Disk+Cavity in the PDS 70 system

Abstract

Through detailed radiative transfer modeling, we present a disk+cavity model to simultaneously explain both the SED and Subaru H-band polarized light imaging for the pre-transitional protoplanetary disk PDS 70. Particularly, we are able to match not only the radial dependence, but also the absolute scale, of the surface brightness of the scattered light. Our disk model has a cavity 65 AU in radius, which is heavily depleted of sub-micron-sized dust grains, and a small residual inner disk which produces a weak but still optically thick NIR excess in the SED. To explain the contrast of the cavity edge in the Subaru image, a factor of ~1000 depletion for the sub-micron-sized dust inside the cavity is required. The total dust mass of the disk may be on the order of 1e-4 M_sun, only weakly constrained due to the lack of long wavelength observations and the uncertainties in the dust model. The scale height of the sub-micron-sized dust is ~6 AU at the cavity edge, and the cavity wall is optically thick in the vertical direction at H-band. PDS 70 is not a member of the class of (pre-)transitional disks identified by Dong et al. (2012), whose members only show evidence of the cavity in the millimeter-sized dust but not the sub-micron-sized dust in resolved images. The two classes of (pre-)transitional disks may form through different mechanisms, or they may just be at different evolution stages in the disk clearing process.

28 pages (single column), 7 figures, 1 table, ApJ accepted

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Cited by in corpus (52)

• Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
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• Orbital and atmospheric characterization of the planet within the gap of the PDS 70 transition disk
• A Circumplanetary Disk Around PDS70c
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks II: Spiral Arms Observed in Scattered Light Imaging Can be Induced by Planets
• How Empty are Disk Gaps Opened by Giant Planets?
• Magellan Adaptive Optics Imaging of PDS 70: Measuring the Mass Accretion Rate of a Young Giant Planet within a Gapped Disk
• Highly structured disk around the planet host PDS 70 revealed by high-angular resolution observations with ALMA
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• Three-Dimensional Radiation Transfer in Young Stellar Objects
• Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY
• An Ideal Testbed for Planet-disk Interaction: Two Giant Protoplanets in Resonance Shaping the PDS 70 Protoplanetary Disk
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• The Moving Group Targets of the SEEDS High-Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets and Disks: Results and Observations from the First Three Years
• An M Dwarf Companion and Its Induced Spiral Arms in the HD 100453 Protoplanetary Disk
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• The Structure of Pre-transitional Protoplanetary Disks. II. Azimuthal Asymmetries, Different Radial Distributions of Large and Small Dust Grains in PDS~70
• Fast Radial Flows in Transition Disk Holes
• Planetary Populations in the Mass-Period Diagram: A Statistical Treatment of Exoplanet Formation and the Role of Planet Traps
• VLT/SPHERE exploration of the young multiplanetary system PDS70
• Evidence for a circumplanetary disk around protoplanet PDS 70 b
• The Sizes and Depletions of the Dust and Gas Cavities in the Transitional Disk J160421.7-213028
• Magnetospheric Accretion as a Source of H$\alpha$ Emission from Proto-planets around PDS 70
• The chemical inventory of the planet-hosting disk PDS 70
• Shallow Cavities in Multiple-Planet Systems
• Separating extended disc features from the protoplanet in PDS 70 using VLT/SINFONI
• Differences in the gas and dust distribution in the transitional disk of a sun-like young star, PDS 70
• High-Contrast Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of the Protoplanetary Disk around RY Tau
• Accreting planets as dust dams in `transition' discs
• Stability and Occurrence Rate Constraints on the Planetary Sculpting Hypothesis for "Transitional" Disks
• Variable Accretion onto Protoplanet Host Star PDS 70
• Protoplanetary disks in $K_s$-band total intensity and polarized light
• PDS 70: A transition disk sculpted by a single planet
• Surface Geometry of Protoplanetary Disks Inferred From Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry
• Planet migration, resonant locking and accretion streams in PDS70: Comparing models and data
• MINDS: JWST/NIRCam imaging of the protoplanetary disk PDS 70
• The Effects of Self-Shadowing by a Puffed up Inner Rim in Scattered Light Images of Protoplanetary Disks
• Analysing the SEDs of protoplanetary disks with machine learning
• Analysis of the arm-like structure in the outer disk of PDS 70. Spiral density wave or vortex?
• Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of LkCa 15: A Possible Warped Inner Disk
• The inner structure of the TW Hya Disk as revealed in scattered light
• A Resolved Near-Infrared Image of The Inner Cavity in The GM Aur Transitional Disk
• An ALMA Study of the FU-Ori Type Object V900 Mon: Implications for the Progenitor
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• PDS 70 unveiled by star-hopping: total intensity, polarimetry and mm-imaging modeled in concert
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• CI Tau: A controlled experiment in disk-planet interaction
• A Swift view of X-ray and UV radiation in the planet-forming T-Tauri system PDS 70
• X-ray and UV radiation in the planet-forming T-Tauri system PDS 70. Signs of accretion and coronal activity
• Radial decoupling of small and large dust grains in the transitional disk RX J1615.3-3255
• ALMA 873 $\mu$m Polarization Observations of the PDS~70 Disk
• Semi-analytic calculations for extended mid-Infrared emission associated with FU Ori-type objects