VLT/SPHERE exploration of the young multiplanetary system PDS70

Abstract

Context. PDS 70 is a young (5.4 Myr), nearby (~113 pc) star hosting a known transition disk with a large gap. Recent observations with SPHERE and NACO in the near-infrared (NIR) allowed us to detect a planetary mass companion, PDS70b, within the disk cavity. Moreover, observations in H_alpha with MagAO and MUSE revealed emission associated to PDS70b and to another new companion candidate, PDS70c, at a larger separation from the star. Aims. Our aim is to confirm the discovery of the second planet PDS70c using SPHERE at VLT, to further characterize its physical properties, and search for additional point sources in this young planetary system. Methods. We re-analyzed archival SPHERE NIR observations and obtained new data in Y, J, H and K spectral bands for a total of four different epochs. The data were reduced using the data reduction and handling pipeline and the SPHERE data center. We then applied custom routines (e.g. ANDROMEDA and PACO) to subtract the starlight. Results. We re-detect both PDS 70 b and c and confirm that PDS70c is gravitationally bound to the star. We estimate this second planet to be less massive than 5 M Jup and with a T_eff around 900 K. Also, it has a low gravity with log g between 3.0 and 3.5 dex. In addition, a third object has been identified at short separation (~0.12") from the star and gravitationally bound to the star. Its spectrum is however very blue, so that we are probably seeing stellar light reflected by dust and our analysis seems to demonstrate that it is a feature of the inner disk. We, however, cannot completely exclude the possibility that it is a planetary mass object enshrouded by a dust envelope. In this latter case, its mass should be of the order of few tens of M_Earth. Moreover, we propose a possible structure for the planetary system based on our data that, however, cannot be stable on a long timescale.

Accepted by A&A - 12 pages - 9 figures

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• A Circumplanetary Disk Around PDS70c
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• Strong H$\alpha$ emission and signs of accretion in a circumbinary planetary mass companion from MUSE
• Detectability of embedded protoplanets from hydrodynamical simulations
• HST/WFC3 H$\alpha$ Direct-Imaging Detection of a Point-like Source in the Disk Cavity of AB Aur
• Molecular mapping of the PDS70 system: No molecular absorption signatures from the forming planet PDS70 b
• Searching for proto-planets with MUSE
• WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2
• The Orbital Eccentricities of Directly Imaged Companions Using Observable-Based Priors: Implications for Population-level Distributions
• The Endgame of Gas Giant Formation: Accretion Luminosity and Contraction Post-Runaway
• CO2-rich protoplanetary discs as a probe of dust radial drift & trapping
• Three Years of High-Contrast Imaging of the PDS 70 b and c Exoplanets at Hα with MagAO-X: Evidence of Strong Protoplanet Hα Variability and Circumplanetary Dust
• Is the gap in the DS Tau disc hiding a planet?
• Evidence for Variable Accretion onto PDS 70 c and Implications for Protoplanet Detections
• ALMA high-resolution observations unveil planet formation shaping molecular emission in the PDS 70 disk
• Inverse-problem versus principal component analysis methods for angular differential imaging of circumstellar disks. The mustard algorithm
• Differentiating Formation Models with New Dynamical Masses for the PDS 70 Protoplanets
• Keplerian motion of a compact source orbiting the inner disc of PDS 70: a third protoplanet in resonance with b and c?
• DBNets2.0: simulation-based inference for planet-induced dust substructures in protoplanetary discs
• Multiband polarimetric imaging of HD 34700 with SCExAO/CHARIS
• The ExoGRAVITY survey: A K-band spectral library of giant exoplanet and brown dwarf companions
• The paradox of youth for ALMA planet candidates
• Monte Carlo post-processing for radiation hydro simulations of accreting planets in protoplanetary disks
• Mock Observations for the CSST Mission: CPI-C -- Targets for High Contrast Imaging
• Potential sublimating exocomets around the young star PDS 70
• Modelling shadows in scattered light observations as signals from companions in protoplanetary discs