Modeling Magnetorotational Turbulence in Protoplanetary Disks with Dead Zones

Abstract

Turbulence driven by magnetorotational instability (MRI) crucially affects the evolution of solid bodies in protoplanetary disks. On the other hand, small dust particles stabilize MRI by capturing ionized gas particles needed for the coupling of the gas and magnetic fields. To provide an empirical basis for modeling the coevolution of dust and MRI, we perform three-dimensional, ohmic-resistive MHD simulations of a vertically stratified shearing box with an MRI-inactive "dead zone" of various sizes and with a net vertical magnetic flux of various strengths. We find that the vertical structure of turbulence is well characterized by the vertical magnetic flux and three critical heights derived from the linear analysis of MRI in a stratified disk. In particular, the turbulent structure depends on the resistivity profile only through the critical heights and is insensitive to the details of the resistivity profile. We discover scaling relations between the amplitudes of various turbulent quantities (velocity dispersion, density fluctuation, vertical diffusion coefficient, and outflow mass flux) and vertically integrated accretion stresses. We also obtain empirical formulae for the integrated accretion stresses as a function of the vertical magnetic flux and the critical heights. These empirical relations allow to predict the vertical turbulent structure of a protoplanetary disk for a given strength of the magnetic flux and a given resistivity profile.

16 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (11)

• Coagulation, fragmentation and radial motion of solid particles in protoplanetary disks
• Particle Stirring in Turbulent Gas Disks: Including Orbital Oscillations
• Towards planetesimals: dense chondrule clumps in the protoplanetary nebula
• Dust settling in local simulations of turbulent protoplanetary disks
• Dead Zone Accretion Flows in Protostellar Disks
• Turbulence and Steady Flows in 3D Global Stratified MHD Simulations of Accretion Disks
• Global MHD simulations of stratified and turbulent protoplanetary discs. II. Dust settling
• Accretion and destruction of planetesimals in turbulent disks
• Heating and Cooling Protostellar Disks
• On the dynamics of planetesimals embedded in turbulent protoplanetary discs with dead zones
• A coagulation-fragmentation model for the turbulent growth and destruction of preplanetesimals

Cited by in corpus (101)

• Wind-driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks. I: Suppression of the Magnetorotational Instability and Launching of the Magnetocentrifugal Wind
• Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations
• Concentrating small particles in protoplanetary disks through the streaming instability
• Towards a Global Evolutionary Model of Protoplanetary Disks
• Distribution of Accreting Gas and Angular Momentum onto Circumplanetary Disks
• Evolution of Protoplanetary Discs with Magnetically Driven Disc Winds
• Planetesimal formation by sweep-up: How the bouncing barrier can be beneficial to growth
• Hall-effect Controlled Gas Dynamics in Protoplanetary Disks: I. Wind Solutions at the Inner Disk
• Reprocessing of Ices in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks: Carbon and Nitrogen Chemistry
• MHD Simulations of Global Accretion Disks with Vertical Magnetic Fields
• Global hydromagnetic simulations of a planet embedded in a dead zone: gap opening, gas accretion and formation of a protoplanetary jet
• Magnetized Accretion and Dead Zones in Protostellar Disks
• Accretion Outbursts in Self-gravitating Protoplanetary Disks
• 3D Radiation Non-ideal Magnetohydrodynamical Simulations Of The Inner Rim In Protoplanetary Disks
• Cosmic-ray ionisation in collapsing clouds
• Diffusion and Concentration of Solids in the Dead Zone of a Protoplanetary Disk
• Water in Protoplanetary Disks: Deuteration and Turbulent Mixing
• The Structure of Pre-transitional Protoplanetary Disks. II. Azimuthal Asymmetries, Different Radial Distributions of Large and Small Dust Grains in PDS~70
• Convection Causes Enhanced Magnetic Turbulence in Accretion Disks in Outburst
• Streaming Instability in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks
• Understanding how planets become massive. I. Description and validation of a new toy model
• Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics In Global Simulations Of Protoplanetary Disks
• Turbulence in weakly-ionized proto-planetary disks
• Transport of magnetic flux and the vertical structure of accretion discs: II. Vertical profile of the diffusion coefficients
• Dust-driven viscous ring-instability in protoplanetary disks
• Dust Transport in MRI Turbulent Disks: Ideal and Non-ideal MHD with Ambipolar Diffusion
• The fate of planetesimals in turbulent disks with dead zones. II. Limits on the viability of runaway accretion
• On the Viability of the Magnetorotational Instability in Circumplanetary Disks
• Dead zones as safe-havens for planetesimals: influence of disc mass and external magnetic field
• Nonsticky Ice at the Origin of the Uniformly Polarized Submillimeter Emission from the HL Tau Disk
• Stringent limits on the magnetic field strength in the disc of TW Hya: ALMA observations of CN polarisation
• Radial Transport of Large-Scale Magnetic Fields in Accretion Disks. I. Steady Solutions and an Upper Limit on the Vertical Field Strength
• From Birth to Death of Protoplanetary Disks: Modeling Their Formation, Evolution, and Dispersal
• Planetesimal Formation in Magnetorotationally Dead Zones: Critical Dependence on the Net Vertical Magnetic Flux
• Steady-state accretion in magnetized protoplanetary disks
• Global Simulations of Magnetorotational Instability in The Collapsed Core of A Massive Star
• An Analytic Criterion for Turbulent Disruption of Planetary Resonances
• Local Simulations of the Magneto-rotational Instability in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Herbig Stars' Near-Infrared Excess: An Origin in the Protostellar Disk's Magnetically-Supported Atmosphere
• Variable Accretion Outbursts in Protostellar Evolution
• From Planetesimals to Planets in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks I. Onset of Runaway Growth
• Impacts of dust feedback on a dust ring induced by a planet in a protoplanetary disk
• Magnetically Induced Disk Winds and Transport in the HL Tau Disk
• Angular momentum transport and large eddy simulations in magnetorotational turbulence: the small Pm limit
• Outbursts in Global Protoplanetary Disk Simulations
• Structure Formation in a Young Protoplanetary Disk by a Magnetic Disk Wind
• Testing large-scale vortex formation against viscous layers in three-dimensional discs
• Magnetic Coupling in the Disks Around Young Gas Giant Planets
• The Fate of Planetesimals in Turbulent Disks with Dead Zones. I. The Turbulent Stirring Recipe
• Rapid Formation of Saturn after Jupiter Completion
• Dynamical Gaseous Rings in Global Simulations of Protoplanetary Disk Formation
• Minimum Dust Abundances for Planetesimal Formation via Secular Gravitational Instabilities
• Formation of terrestrial planets in disks evolving via disk winds and implications for the origin of the solar system's terrestrial planets
• Gravitoviscous protoplanetary disks with a dust component. III. Evolution of gas, dust, and pebbles
• Evolution of an Accretion Disk in Binary Black Hole Systems
• Radial Transport of Large-Scale Magnetic Fields in Accretion Disks. II. Relaxation to Steady States
• Dust dynamics in 2D gravito-turbulent disks
• Orbital Evolution of Moons in Weakly Accreting Circumplanetary Disks
• Vertical evolution of exocometary gas: I. How vertical diffusion shortens the CO lifetime
• Local and global aspects of the linear MRI in accretion disks
• Dust dynamics and vertical settling in gravitoturbulent protoplanetary discs
• Astro & cosmo-chemical consequences of accretion bursts I: the D/H ratio of water
• Electron Heating in the Magnetorotational Instability: Implications for Turbulence Strength in Outer Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
• Improving the thin-disk models of circumstellar disk evolution. The 2+1-dimensional model
• Dynamics Near the Inner Dead-Zone Edges in a Proprotoplanetary Disk
• The Roles of Dust Growth in the Temperature Evolution and Snow Line Migration in Magnetically Accreting Protoplanetary Disks
• Primordial Dusty Rings and Episodic Outbursts in Protoplanetary Discs
• Grain charging in protoplanetary discs
• Turbulence, Transport and Waves in Ohmic Dead Zones
• The impact of dust evolution on the dead zone outer edge in magnetized protoplanetary disks
• On the Formation of Super-Earths with Implications for the Solar System
• Driving Disk Winds and Heating up Hot Coronae by MRI Turbulence
• Growth of Magnetorotational Instability in Circumstellar Disks around Class 0 Protostars
• Forming Chondrites in a Solar Nebula with Magnetically Induced Turbulence
• A heuristic model for MRI turbulent stresses in Hall MHD
• Magnetic disk winds in protoplanetary disks: Description of the model and impact on global disk evolution
• Viscous Instability Triggered by Layered Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks
• A "no-drift" runaway pile-up of pebbles in protoplanetary disks in which midplane turbulence increases with radius
• Magnetic fields in gaps surrounding giant protoplanets
• Dynamics of Porous Dust Aggregates and Gravitational Instability of Their Disk
• Eruptive Behavior of Magnetically Layered Protoplanetary Disks in Low Metallicity Environments
• The Heavy-element Content Trend of Planets: A Tracer of their Formation Sites
• Infall and Disk Processes - the Message from Meteorites
• The solar abundance problem and eMSTOs in clusters
• Turbulent Transport of Dust Particles in Protostellar Disks: The Effect of Upstream Diffusion
• Effective dust growth in laminar circumplanetary discs with magnetic wind-driven accretion
• Primordial dust rings, hidden dust mass, and the first generation of planetesimals in gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disks
• Accretion bursts in young intermediate-mass stars make planet formation challenging
• Global magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the inner regions of protoplanetary discs. I. Zero-net flux regime
• Importance of thermal diffusion in the gravo-magnetic limit cycle
• Aggregate Growth and Internal structures of Chondrite Parent Bodies Forming from Dense Clumps
• The evolution of a circumplanetary disc with a dead zone
• Transition region from turbulent to dead zone in protoplanetary disks: local shearing box simulations
• Constrained Evolution of a Radially Magnetized Protoplanetary Disk: Implications for Planetary Migration
• A Self-Consistent Reduced Model for Dusty Magnetorotationally Unstable Discs
• C/O ratios in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs with dust evolution
• A "no-drift" runaway pile-up of pebbles in protoplanetary disks II. Characteristics of the resulting planetesimal belt
• Callisto's Nonresonant Orbit as an Outcome of Circum-Jovian Disk Substructure
• Effects of upper disc boundary conditions on the linear Rossby wave instability
• Modelling the Break in the Specific Angular Momentum within the Envelope-Disk Transition Zone
• Thermally driven spontaneous dust accumulation in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks