Dust Transport in MRI Turbulent Disks: Ideal and Non-ideal MHD with Ambipolar Diffusion

Abstract

We study dust transport in turbulent protoplanetary disks using three-dimensional global unstratified magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations including Lagrangian dust particles. The turbulence is driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) with either ideal or non-ideal MHD that includes ambipolar diffusion (AD). In ideal MHD simulations, the surface density evolution (except for dust that drifts fastest), turbulent diffusion, and vertical scale height of dust can all be reproduced by simple one-dimensoinal and/or analytical models. However, in AD dominated simulations which simulate protoplanetary disks beyond 10s of AU, the vertical scale height of dust is larger than previously predicted. To understand this anomaly in more detail, we carry out both unstratified and stratified local shearing box simulations with Lagrangian particles, and find that turbulence in AD dominated disks has very different properties (e.g., temporal autocorrelation functions and power spectra) than turbulence in ideal MHD disks, which leads to quite different particle diffusion efficiency. For example, MRI turbulence with AD has a longer correlation time for the vertical velocity, which causes significant vertical particle diffusion and large dust scale height. In ideal MHD the Schmidt numbers ($Sc$) for radial and vertical turbulent diffusion are $S{c}_r\sim 1$ and $S{c}_z\gtrsim 3$, but in the AD dominated regime both $S{c}_r$ and $S{c}_z$ are $\lesssim 1$. Particle concentration in pressure bumps induced by MRI turbulence has also been studied. Since non-ideal MHD effects dominate most regions in protoplanetary disks, our study suggests that modeling dust transport in turbulence driven by MRI with non-ideal MHD effects is important for understanding dust transport in realistic protoplanetary disks.

23 pages, 20 figures, ApJ In press

References in corpus (10)

• Athena: A New Code for Astrophysical MHD
• Particle Stirring in Turbulent Gas Disks: Including Orbital Oscillations
• Closed-form expressions for particle relative velocities induced by turbulence
• An Unsplit Godunov Method for Ideal MHD via Constrained Transport in Three Dimensions
• Dust settling in local simulations of turbulent protoplanetary disks
• Global MHD simulations of stratified and turbulent protoplanetary discs. II. Dust settling
• Midplane sedimentation of large solid bodies in turbulent protoplanetary discs
• 3D MHD Simulations of Planet Migration in Turbulent Stratified Disks
• Turbulent diffusion in protoplanetary discs: the effect of an imposed magnetic field
• Kinematics of solid particles in a turbulent protoplanetary disc

Cited by in corpus (43)

• A Three-Dimensional View of Turbulence: Constraints on Turbulent Motions in the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk using DCO${}^{+}$
• Particle dynamics in discs with turbulence generated by the vertical shear instability
• Impact of Protostellar Outflows on Turbulence and Star Formation Efficiency in Magnetized Dense Cores
• Ring formation and dust dynamics in wind-driven protoplanetary discs: global simulations
• Dust settling against hydrodynamic turbulence in protoplanetary discs
• A Tale of Planet Formation: From Dust to Planets
• Growth after the streaming instability: from planetesimal accretion to pebble accretion
• Magnetically Induced Disk Winds and Transport in the HL Tau Disk
• Radiation pressure clear-out of dusty photoevaporating discs
• A Multi-Fluid Dust Module in Athena++: Algorithms and Numerical Tests
• Puffed up Edges of Planet-opened Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks. I. hydrodynamic simulations
• Dust Settling and Clumping in MRI Turbulent Outer Protoplanetary Disks
• Hydrodynamical turbulence in eccentric circumbinary discs and its impact on the in situ formation of circumbinary planets
• Characterizing gravito-turbulence in 3D: turbulent properties and stability against fragmentation
• Stratified and vertically-shearing streaming instabilities in protoplanetary disks
• Pebble Accretion in Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks
• Survival of ALMA Rings in the Absence of Pressure Maxima
• Formation of Dust Rings and Gaps in Non-ideal MHD Disks Through Meridional Gas Flows
• Meso-scale Instability Triggered by Dust Feedback in Dusty Rings: Origin and Observational Implications
• Burned to ashes: How the thermal decomposition of refractory organics in the inner protoplanetary disc impacts the gas-phase C/O ratio
• Turbulent Dust-trapping Rings as Efficient Sites for Planetesimal Formation
• Direct Formation of Planetary Embryos in Self-Gravitating Disks
• Vertical evolution of exocometary gas: I. How vertical diffusion shortens the CO lifetime
• Planetesimal formation around the snow line. II. Dust or pebbles?
• The water-ice feature in near-infrared disk-scattered light around HD 142527: Micron-sized icy grains lifted up to the disk surface?
• Dust dynamics and vertical settling in gravitoturbulent protoplanetary discs
• Morphological signatures induced by dust back reaction in discs with an embedded planet
• Vertical settling of pebbles in turbulent circumbinary discs and the in situ formation of circumbinary planets
• Planetesimal formation around the snow line: I. Monte Carlo simulations of silicate dust pile-up in a turbulent disk
• The dependence of episodic accretion on eccentricity during the formation of binary stars
• Solving for the 2D Water Snowline with Hydrodynamic Simulations. Emergence of gas outflow, water cycle and temperature plateau
• Growth after the streaming instability: The radial distance dependence of the planetary growth
• Three-Dimensional Dust Stirring by a Giant Planet Embedded in a Protoplanetary Disk
• Growth of Magnetorotational Instability in Circumstellar Disks around Class 0 Protostars
• On the settling of small grains in dusty discs: analysis and formulas
• Distinguishing Magnetized Disc Winds from Turbulent Viscosity through Substructure Morphology in Planet-forming Discs
• Electron Heating and Saturation of Self-regulating Magnetorotational Instability in Protoplanetary Disks
• The steady-state hydrodynamics of a long-lived disc: planetary system architecture and prospects of observing a circumplanetary disc shadow in V4046Sgr
• Turbulent Transport of Dust Particles in Protostellar Disks: The Effect of Upstream Diffusion
• The resonant drag instability of dust streaming in turbulent protoplanetary disc
• Structure of Protoplanetary Discs with Magnetically-driven Winds
• Photophoretic Levitation and Trapping of Dust in the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
• Dust back-reaction on gas around planets modifies the cold thermal torque