Morphological signatures induced by dust back reaction in discs with an embedded planet

Abstract

Recent observations have revealed a gallery of substructures in the dust component of nearby protoplanetary discs, including rings, gaps, spiral arms, and lopsided concentrations. One interpretation of these substructures is the existence of embedded planets. Not until recently, however, most of the modelling effort to interpret these observations ignored the dust back reaction to the gas. In this work, we conduct local-shearing-sheet simulations for an isothermal, inviscid, non-self-gravitating, razor-thin dusty disc with a planet on a fixed circular orbit. We systematically examine the parameter space spanned by planet mass ($0.1M_{\text{th}}\le M_{\text{p}}\le 1M_{\text{th}}$, where $M_{\text{th}}$ is the thermal mass), dimensionless stopping time ($10^{-3}\le {\tau }_{\text{s}}\le 1$), and solid abundance ($0<Z\le 1$). We find that when the dust particles are tightly coupled to the gas (${\tau }_{\text{s}}<0.1$), the spiral arms are less open and the gap driven by the planet becomes deeper with increasing $Z$, consistent with a reduced speed of sound in the approximation of a single dust-gas mixture. By contrast, when the dust particles are marginally coupled ($0.1\lesssim {\tau }_{\text{s}}\lesssim 1$), the spiral structure is insensitive to $Z$ and the gap structure in the gas can become significantly skewed and unidentifiable. When the latter occurs, the pressure maximum radially outside of the planet is weakened or even extinguished, and hence dust filtration by a low-mass ($M_{\text{p}}<M_{\text{th}}$) planet could be reduced or eliminated. Finally, we find that the gap edges where the dust particles are accumulated as well as the lopsided large-scale vortices driven by a massive planet, if any, are unstable, and they are broken into numerous small-scale dust-gas vortices.

arXiv commentAccepted by MNRAS. 18 pages, 11 figures

References in corpus (74)

• Streaming Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks
• First Results from High Angular Resolution ALMA Observations Toward the HL Tau Region
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview
• Particle Stirring in Turbulent Gas Disks: Including Orbital Oscillations
• Rossby Wave Instability of Keplerian Accretion Disks
• A Major Asymmetric Dust Trap in a Transition Disk
• Gaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region
• Wind-driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks. I: Suppression of the Magnetorotational Instability and Launching of the Magnetocentrifugal Wind
• Separating gas-giant and ice-giant planets by halting pebble accretion
• A torque formula for non-isothermal Type I planetary migration - I. Unsaturated horseshoe drag
• Dust and Gas in the disc of HL Tauri: Surface density, dust settling, and dust-to-gas ratio
• Dust Filtration by Planet-Induced Gap Edges: Implications for Transitional Disks
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): VII. The Planet-Disk Interactions Interpretation
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) VI: Dust trapping in thin-ringed protoplanetary disks
• Observations of gas flows inside a protoplanetary gap
• Dynamics of Solids in the Midplane of Protoplanetary Disks: Implications for Planetesimal Formation
• Planetary Torques as the Viscosity of Protoplanetary Disks
• Pebble isolation mass --- scaling law and implications for the formation of super-Earths and gas giants
• Concentrating small particles in protoplanetary disks through the streaming instability
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks I: Gaps Opened by Single and Multiple Young Planets in Disks
• Dust Evolution and the Formation of Planetesimals
• The structure of protoplanetary discs around evolving young stars
• A Three-Dimensional View of Turbulence: Constraints on Turbulent Motions in the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk using DCO${}^{+}$
• On planet formation in HL Tau
• Hydromagnetic turbulence in computer simulations
• Dynamics of pebbles in the vicinity of a growing planetary embryo: hydro-dynamical simulations
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks II: Spiral Arms Observed in Scattered Light Imaging Can be Induced by Planets
• Turbulence in the TW Hya Disk
• The Structure of Spiral Shocks Excited by Planetary-mass Companions
• Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth
• Initial mass function of planetesimals formed by the streaming instability
• Vortex generation in protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet
• The Eccentric Cavity, Triple Rings, Two-Armed Spirals, and Double Clumps of the MWC 758 Disk
• On the wake generated by a planet in a disc
• Global Evolution of an Accretion Disk with Net Vertical Field: Coronal Accretion, Flux Transport, and Disk Winds
• Standing on the shoulders of giants: Trojan Earths and vortex trapping in low mass self-gravitating protoplanetary disks of gas and solids
• Particle Concentration At Planet Induced Gap Edges and Vortices: I. Inviscid 3-D Hydro Disks
• Steady state of dust distributions in disk vortices: Observational predictions and applications to transitional disks
• Formation of a disc gap induced by a planet: Effect of the deviation from Keplerian disc rotation
• On the formation of multiple concentric rings and gaps in protoplanetary disks
• Self-induced dust traps: overcoming planet formation barriers
• Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: spirals, rings, cavities, and shadows
• Dusty gas with one fluid
• Effects of dust feedback on vortices in protoplanetary disks
• Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth: II. Spacings, Depths, and Number of Gaps, with Application to Real Systems
• Particle Trapping and Streaming Instability in Vortices
• Density Waves Excited by Low-Mass Planets in Protoplanetary Disks II: High-Resolution Simulations of the Nonlinear Regime
• Planet-driven spiral arms in protoplanetary disks: I. Formation mechanism
• Including Dust Coagulation in Hydrodynamic Models of Protoplanetary Disks: Dust Evolution in the Vicinity of a Jupiter-mass Planet
• Diffusion and Concentration of Solids in the Dead Zone of a Protoplanetary Disk
• Streaming Instability for Particle-Size Distributions
• Thermal-Instability-Driven Turbulent Mixing in Galactic Disks: I. Effective Mixing of Metals
• Low mass planets in protoplanetary disks with net vertical magnetic fields: the Planetary Wake and Gap Opening
• Dust settling and rings in the outer regions of protoplanetary discs subject to ambipolar diffusion
• A thermodynamic view of dusty protoplanetary disks
• On the Feeding Zone of Planetesimal Formation by the Streaming Instability
• Density Waves Excited by Low-Mass Planets in Protoplanetary Disks I: Linear Regime
• Dust Transport in MRI Turbulent Disks: Ideal and Non-ideal MHD with Ambipolar Diffusion
• Planetary Signatures in the SAO 206462 (HD 135344B) Disk: A Spiral Arm Passing Through Vortex?
• Torques Induced by Scattered Pebble-flow in Protoplanetary Disks
• Dust capture and long-lived density enhancements triggered by vortices in 2D protoplanetary disks
• The effects of disk self-gravity and radiative cooling on the formation of gaps and spirals by young planets
• On the planetary interpretation of multiple gaps and rings in protoplanetary disks seen by ALMA
• Effect of dust radial drift on viscous evolution of gaseous disk
• Impacts of dust feedback on a dust ring induced by a planet in a protoplanetary disk
• Integration of Particle-Gas Systems with Stiff Mutual Drag Interaction
• Streaming Instability of Multiple Particle Species in Protoplanetary Disks
• Planet-Disk interaction in 3D: the importance of buoyancy waves
• Rayleigh Adjustment of Narrow Barriers in Protoplanetary Discs
• Dusty disc-planet interaction with dust-free simulations
• Vortex instabilities triggered by low-mass planets in pebble-rich, inviscid protoplanetary discs
• Three years of SPHERE: the latest view of the morphology and evolution of protoplanetary discs
• Modelling supernova driven turbulence
• Dust-vortex instability in the regime of well-coupled grains

Cited by in corpus (9)

• A Multi-Fluid Dust Module in Athena++: Algorithms and Numerical Tests
• Puffed up Edges of Planet-opened Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks. I. hydrodynamic simulations
• Meso-scale Instability Triggered by Dust Feedback in Dusty Rings: Origin and Observational Implications
• Collision fluctuations of lucky droplets with superdroplets
• Migrating Low-Mass Planets in Inviscid Dusty Protoplanetary Discs
• PGNets: Planet mass prediction using convolutional neural networks for radio continuum observations of protoplanetary disks
• Positive Feedback: How a Synergy Between the Streaming Instability and Dust Coagulation Forms Planetesimals
• Dust ring and gap formation by gas flow induced by low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary disks $\mathrm{II}$. Time-dependent model
• Positive Feedback II: How Dust Coagulation inside Vortices Can Form Planetesimals at Low Metallicity