Migration jumps of planets in transition disks

Abstract

Transition disks form a special class of protoplanetary disks that are characterized by a deficiency of disk material close to the star. In a subgroup, inner holes in these disks can stretch out to a few tens of au while there is still mass accretion onto the central star observed. We analyse the proposition that this type of wide transition disks is generated by the interaction of the disk with a system of embedded planets. We performed 2D hydrodynamics simulations of a flat disk using either a locally isothermal equation of state or considering also radiative effects. Two 3 to 9 Jupiter mass planets were embedded in the disk and their dynamical evolution due to disk-planet interaction was followed for over 100 000 years. The simulations account for mass accretion onto the star and planets. We included models with parameters geared to the system PDS 70. To assess the observability of features in our models we performed synthetic ALMA observations. For systems with a more massive inner planet there are phases where both planets migrate outward engaged in a 2:1 mean motion resonance via the Masset-Snellgrove mechanism. In sufficiently massive disks the formation of a vortex in the outer disk can trigger rapid outward migration of the outer planet where its distance increases by tens of au within a few thousand years. Later, the outer planet migrates back inwards settling again into resonance with the inner planet. We call this emerging composite phenomenon a 'migration jump'. Outward migration and the migration jumps are accompanied by a high mass accretion rate onto the star. The synthetic images reveal numerous substructures depending on the type of dynamical behaviour. Our results suggest that the outward migration of two embedded planets is a prime candidate for the explanation of the observed high stellar mass accretion rate in wide transition disks.

arXiv comment21 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (59)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview
• REBOUND: An open-source multi-purpose N-body code for collisional dynamics
• Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799
• The Keck Planet Search: Detectability and the Minimum Mass and Orbital Period Distribution of Extrasolar Planets
• Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
• FARGO: a fast eulerian transport algorithm for differentially rotating disks
• Evidence for a developing gap in a 10 Myr old protoplanetary disk
• Two accreting protoplanets around the young star PDS 70
• A comparative study of disc-planet interaction
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): V. Interpreting ALMA maps of protoplanetary disks in terms of a dust model
• Reversing type II migration: resonance trapping of a lighter giant protoplanet
• Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets
• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs I: hydrodynamic models
• Transitional and Pre-Transitional disks: Gap Opening by Multiple Planets?
• Orbital and atmospheric characterization of the planet within the gap of the PDS 70 transition disk
• The Truncated Disk of CoKu Tau/4
• Planets opening dust gaps in gas disks
• Resolved gas cavities in transitional disks inferred from CO isotopologues with ALMA
• Challenges in Forming Planets by Gravitational Instability: Disk Irradiation and Clump Migration, Accretion & Tidal Destructio
• Transitional Disks as Signposts of Young, Multiplanet Systems
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) - IX. A high definition study of the HD 163296 planet forming disk
• Gas density drops inside dust cavities of transitional disks around young stars observed with ALMA
• On the gas content of transitional disks: a VLT/X-Shooter study of accretion and winds
• Highly structured disk around the planet host PDS 70 revealed by high-angular resolution observations with ALMA
• A companion candidate in the gap of the T Cha transitional disk
• Dynamical Constraints on the HR 8799 Planets with GPI
• Treating gravity in thin disk simulations
• Asymmetric transition disks: Vorticity or eccentricity?
• Long range outward migration of giant planets, with application to Fomalhaut b
• Imaging diagnostics for transitional discs
• Discovery of a point-like source and a third spiral arm in the transition disk around the Herbig Ae star MWC 758
• Vortices in the Co-orbital Region of an Embedded Protoplanet
• Characterizing the variable dust permeability of planet-induced gaps
• Circumstellar disks in binary star systems
• Influence of an inner disc on the orbital evolution of massive planets migrating in resonance
• Gas and dust structures in protoplanetary disks hosting multiple planets
• Two populations of transition discs?
• Multiple mean motion resonances in the HR 8799 planetary system
• The origin and evolution of transition discs: successes, problems and open questions
• Numerical simulations of type III planetary migration: III. Outward migration of massive planets
• Gas and dust hydrodynamical simulations of massive lopsided transition discs - I. Gas distribution
• Stability and Formation of the Resonant System HD 73526
• The accretion of migrating giant planets
• Rossby Wave Instability with Self-Gravity
• Simulating planet migration in globally evolving disks
• Migration of planets in circumbinary discs
• Effect of wind-driven accretion on planetary migration
• Stability and Occurrence Rate Constraints on the Planetary Sculpting Hypothesis for "Transitional" Disks
• The impact of planet wakes on the location and shape of the water iceline in a protoplanetary disk
• PDS 70: A transition disk sculpted by a single planet
• Global axisymmetric simulations of photoevaporation and magnetically driven protoplanetary disk winds
• Vortex stretching in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
• A fast method to identify mean motion resonances
• Modelling Accretion in Transitional Disks
• Capture and migration of Jupiter and Saturn in mean motion resonance in a gaseous protoplanetary disc
• The role of disc torques in forming resonant planetary systems
• Formation of a planetary Laplace resonance through migration in an eccentric disk - The case of GJ876
• Circumstellar dust distribution in systems with two planets in resonance

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Survival of planet-induced vortices in 2D disks
• Modeling the nonaxisymmetric structure in the HD 163296 disk with planet-disk interaction
• The imprint of X-ray photoevaporation of planet-forming discs on the orbital distribution of giant planets -- II. Theoretical predictions
• Formation of ring-like structures in flared α-discs with X-ray/FUV photoevaporation