Survival of planet-induced vortices in 2D disks
arXiv:2110.00589 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142105
Abstract
Context: Several observations of protoplanetary disks display non-axisymmetric features, often interpreted as vortices. Numerical modeling has repeatedly shown that gap-opening planets are capable of producing large and long-lasting vortices at their outer gap edge, making massive planets popular candidates as the source of such features. Aims: We explore the lifetime of vortices generated by Jupiter-sized planets as a function of the thermal relaxation timescale, the level of turbulence, and the effect of disk self-gravity. Methods: We conduct 2D numerical simulations using the hydrodynamics codes PLUTO and FARGO, scanning through several physical and numerical parameters. Vortex properties are automatically extracted from thousands of simulation snapshots. Results: We find that vortices that spawn at the outer gap edge can survive for about 100-3000 planetary orbits, with the shortest lifetimes occurring for moderately efficient dissipation and cooling. However, we also observe a different regime of long-lasting vortices with lifetimes of at least 15 000 orbits for very low viscosity and very short thermal relaxation timescales. Disk self-gravity significantly shortens the lifetime of regular vortices but still allows long-lived ones to survive. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the cooling timescale plays an important role in vortex formation and lifetime and that planet-generated vortices should be observable at large distances from the star for typical thermal relaxation timescales and low turbulence levels.
arXiv comment17 pages, 13 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A)
References in corpus (57)
- PLUTO: a Numerical Code for Computational Astrophysics
- Nonlinear Outcome of Gravitational Instability in Cooling, Gaseous Disks
- Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution
- Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
- Rossby Wave Instability of Keplerian Accretion Disks
- On the width and shape of gaps in protoplanetary disks
- A Major Asymmetric Dust Trap in a Transition Disk
- FARGO: a fast eulerian transport algorithm for differentially rotating disks
- A comparative study of disc-planet interaction
- Linear and nonlinear evolution of the vertical shear instability in accretion discs
- Turbulence in Accretion Disks. Vorticity Generation and Angular Momentum Transport via the Global Baroclinic Instability
- The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): VII. The Planet-Disk Interactions Interpretation
- The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) VI: Dust trapping in thin-ringed protoplanetary disks
- FARGO3D: A new GPU-oriented MHD code
- Turbulence in the TW Hya Disk
- Nonlinear propagation of planet-generated tidal waves
- The subcritical baroclinic instability in local accretion disc models
- Vortex generation in protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet
- On the wake generated by a planet in a disc
- Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks
- Treating gravity in thin disk simulations
- On the Stability of Elliptical Vortices in Accretion Discs
- Asymmetric transition disks: Vorticity or eccentricity?
- Potential Vorticity Evolution of a Protoplanetary Disk with An Embedded Protoplanet
- Radiation Hydrodynamical Turbulence In Protoplanetary Disks: Numerical Models and Observational Constraints
- Zombie Vortex Instability I: A Purely Hydrodynamic Instability to Resurrect the Dead Zones of Protoplanetary Disks
- The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): X. Multiple rings, a misaligned inner disk, and a bright arc in the disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
- Vortex migration in protoplanetary disks
- Gas and dust dynamics in starlight-heated protoplanetary disks
- A conservative orbital advection scheme for simulations of magnetized shear flows with the PLUTO code
- Modeling of deep gaps created by giant planets in protoplanetary discs
- Planet-disk interaction in disks with cooling: basic theory
- Long Term Evolution of Planet-Induced Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks
- Slowly-growing gap-opening planets trigger weaker vortices
- Migrating super-Earths in low-viscosity discs: unveiling the roles of feedback, vortices, and laminar accretion flows
- The effect of self-gravity on vortex instabilities in disc-planet interactions
- Gas and dust hydrodynamical simulations of massive lopsided transition discs - I. Gas distribution
- Protoplanetary Disk Heating and Evolution Driven by the Spiral Density Waves
- Planetary Signatures in the SAO 206462 (HD 135344B) Disk: A Spiral Arm Passing Through Vortex?
- The effects of disk self-gravity and radiative cooling on the formation of gaps and spirals by young planets
- Rossby Wave Instability with Self-Gravity
- Gaps and Rings in Protoplanetary Disks with Realistic Thermodynamics: The Critical Role of In-Plane Radiation Transport
- The impact of planet wakes on the location and shape of the water iceline in a protoplanetary disk
- Trapping of giant-planet cores - I. Vortex aided trapping at the outer dead zone edge
- Migration of Jupiter mass planets in low viscosity discs
- Zombie Vortex Instability. II. Thresholds to Trigger Instability and the Properties of Zombie Turbulence in the Dead Zones of Protoplanetary Disks
- Importance of radiative effects in gap opening by planets in protoplanetary disks
- Observational diagnostics of elongated planet-induced vortices with realistic planet formation timescales
- Vortex stretching in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
- Gap formation and stability in non-isothermal protoplanetary discs
- Which planets trigger longer-lived vortices: low-mass or high-mass?
- Cooling-Induced Vortex Decay in Keplerian Disks
- Interpreting Brightness Asymmetries in Transition Disks: Vortex at Dead Zone or Planet Carved Gap Edges?
- Planet-vortex interaction:How a vortex can shepherd a planetary embryo
- On the vortex evolution in non-isothermal protoplanetary discs
- Migration jumps of planets in transition disks
- Planet-driven density waves in protoplanetary discs: numerical verification of nonlinear evolution theory