The effect of self-gravity on vortex instabilities in disc-planet interactions

Abstract

We study the effect of disc self-gravity on vortex-forming instabilities associated with gaps opened by a Saturn mass planet in a protoplanetary disc. It is shown analytically and confirmed through linear calculations that vortex modes with low azimuthal mode number $,m,$ are stabilised by increasing self-gravity if the basic state is fixed. However, linear calculations show that the combined effect of self-gravity through the background and through the linear response shifts the most unstable vortex mode to higher $m.$ Nonlinear hydrodynamic simulations of planetary gaps show more vortices develop with increasing strength of self-gravity. For sufficiently large disc mass the vortex instability is suppressed and replaced by a new global instability, consistent with analytical expectations. In the nonlinear regime, vortex merging is increasingly delayed as the disc mass increases and multiple vortices may persist until the end of simulations. With self-gravity, the post-merger vortex is localised in azimuth and has similar structure to a Kida-like vortex. This is unlike the case without self-gravity where vortices merge to form a single vortex extended in azimuth. We also performed a series of supplementary simulations of co-orbital Kida-like vortices and found that self-gravity enables such vortices to execute horseshoe turns upon encountering each other. As a result vortex merging is avoided on time-scales where it would occur without self-gravity. Thus we suggest that mutual repulsion of self-gravitating vortices in a rotating flow is responsible for the delayed vortex merging above. The effect of self-gravity on vortex-induced migration is briefly discussed. We found that when self-gravity is included, the vortex-induced type III migration of Lin & Papaloizou (2010) is delayed but the extent of migration is unchanged.

21 pages, 19 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. Displayed abstract is shortened

References in corpus (11)

• A comparative study of disc-planet interaction
• Planet formation bursts at the borders of the dead zone in 2D numerical simulations of circumstellar disks
• Vortex generation in protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet
• Type I planetary migration in a self-gravitating disk
• On the Stability of Elliptical Vortices in Accretion Discs
• Type I Planet Migration in Nearly Laminar Disks
• Vortex migration in protoplanetary disks
• On the width and shape of the corotation region for low-mass planets
• Disk-Planet Interaction Simulations: (I) Baroclinic Generation of Vortensity and Non-Axisymmetric Rossby-Wave-Instability
• The potential impact of groove modes on Type II planetary migration
• On The Orbital Evolution of Jupiter Mass Protoplanet Embedded in A Self-Gravity Disk

Cited by in corpus (51)

• Possible planet-forming regions on submillimetre images
• Small vs large dust grains in transitional disks: do different cavity sizes indicate a planet?
• Steady state of dust distributions in disk vortices: Observational predictions and applications to transitional disks
• Dust-trapping Rossby vortices in protoplanetary disks
• Formation and long-term evolution of 3D vortices in protoplanetary discs
• Scattered light images of spiral arms in marginally gravitationally unstable discs with an embedded planet
• Investigation of the inner structures around HD169142 with VLT/SPHERE
• Parametric Study of the Rossby Wave Instability in a Two-Dimensional Barotropic Disk
• Rossby wave instability in locally isothermal and polytropic disks: three-dimensional linear calculations
• Long Term Evolution of Planet-Induced Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks
• Rossby Wave Instability in three dimensional discs
• Slowly-growing gap-opening planets trigger weaker vortices
• Dust traps in the protoplanetary disc MWC 758: two vortices produced by two giant planets?
• Vortex and spiral instabilities at gap edges in three-dimensional self-gravitating disc-satellite simulations
• Are protoplanetary disks born with vortices? -- Rossby wave instability driven by protostellar infall
• Rossby wave instability does not require sharp resistivity gradients
• Rossby Wave Instability in Astrophysical Discs
• Dust capture and long-lived density enhancements triggered by vortices in 2D protoplanetary disks
• Recent developments in planet migration theory
• Fast Modes and Dusty Horseshoes in Transitional Disks
• Vortex cycles at the inner edges of dead zones in protoplanetary disks
• Migration of Jupiter mass planets in low viscosity discs
• Testing large-scale vortex formation against viscous layers in three-dimensional discs
• Stratified and vertically-shearing streaming instabilities in protoplanetary disks
• The circumstellar disk response to the motion of the host star
• The Observability Of Vortex-Driven Spiral Arms In Protoplanetary Disk: Basic Spiral Properties
• Parametric Study of the Rossby Wave Instability in a Two-dimensional Barotropic Disk II: Non-Linear Calculations
• Non-barotropic linear Rossby wave instability in three-dimensional disks
• Vortex stretching in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
• Gap formation and stability in non-isothermal protoplanetary discs
• Which planets trigger longer-lived vortices: low-mass or high-mass?
• Survival of planet-induced vortices in 2D disks
• Dusty disc-planet interaction with dust-free simulations
• Vortex Formation and Evolution in Planet Harboring Disks under Thermal Relaxation
• Rossby Wave Instability in Accretion Discs with Large-Scale Poloidal Magnetic Fields
• Vortex instabilities triggered by low-mass planets in pebble-rich, inviscid protoplanetary discs
• Interpreting Brightness Asymmetries in Transition Disks: Vortex at Dead Zone or Planet Carved Gap Edges?
• The role of gap edge instabilities in setting the depth of planet gaps in protoplanetary discs
• Planet-vortex interaction:How a vortex can shepherd a planetary embryo
• Outward migration of a giant planet with a gravitationally unstable gap edge
• On the local stability of vortices in differentially rotating discs
• Vortex survival in 3D self-gravitating accretion discs
• The Appearance of Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks in Near-Infrared Scattered Light
• Orbital migration of giant planets induced by gravitationally unstable gaps: the effect of planet mass
• On the vortex evolution in non-isothermal protoplanetary discs
• How to form compact & other longer-lived planet-induced vortices: VSI, planet migration, or re-triggers, but not feedback
• On the mechanism of self gravitating Rossby interfacial waves in proto-stellar accretion discs
• Non-axisymmetric instabilities in discs with imposed zonal flows
• Spreading pressure bumps in gas-dust discs can stall planet migration via planet-vortex interactions
• On the evolution of vortex in locally isothermal self-gravitating discs: a parameter study
• Instabilities at planetary gap edges in 3D self-gravitating disks