Planet formation bursts at the borders of the dead zone in 2D numerical simulations of circumstellar disks
arXiv:0901.1638 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811265
Abstract
As accretion in protoplanetary disks is enabled by turbulent viscosity, the border between active and inactive (dead) zones constitutes a location where there is an abrupt change in the accretion flow. The gas accumulation that ensues triggers the Rossby wave instability, that in turn saturates into anticyclonic vortices. It was suggested that the trapping of solids within them leads to a burst of planet formation on very short timescales. We perform two-dimensional global simulations of the dynamics of gas and solids in a non-magnetized thin protoplanetary disk with the Pencil Code. We use multiple particle species of radius 1, 10, 30, and 100 cm, solving for the particles' gravitational interaction by a particle-mesh method. The dead zone is modeled as a region of low viscosity. Adiabatic and locally isothermal equations of state are used. We find that the Rossby wave instability is triggered under a variety of conditions, thus making vortex formation a robust process. Inside the vortices, fast accumulation of solids occurs and the particles collapse into objects of planetary mass in timescales as short as five orbits. Because the drag force is size-dependent, aerodynamical sorting ensues within the vortical motion, and the first bound structures formed are composed primarily of similarly-sized particles. In addition to erosion due to ram pressure, we identify gas tides from the massive vortices as a disrupting agent of formed protoplanetary embryos. We also estimate the collisional velocity history of the particles that compose the most massive embryo by the end of the simulation, finding that the vast majority of them never experienced a collision with another particle at speeds faster than 1 m/s.
19 pages, 15 figures + Appendices. Accepted by A&A. Nature of replacement: included a missing reference
References in corpus (22)
- Coagulation, fragmentation and radial motion of solid particles in protoplanetary disks
- Closed-form expressions for particle relative velocities induced by turbulence
- A comparative study of disc-planet interaction
- Towards planetesimals: dense chondrule clumps in the protoplanetary nebula
- Dust coagulation in protoplanetary disks: porosity matters
- Vortex generation in protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet
- Planetesimal formation around the snow line in MRI-driven turbulent protoplanetary disks
- Dead Zone Accretion Flows in Protostellar Disks
- Standing on the shoulders of giants: Trojan Earths and vortex trapping in low mass self-gravitating protoplanetary disks of gas and solids
- Dust sedimentation and self-sustained Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulence in protoplanetary disk mid-planes. I. Radially symmetric simulations
- Survival of the mm-cm size grain population observed in protoplanetary disks
- Planetesimal formation via fragmentation in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
- Embryos grown in the dead zone: Assembling the first protoplanetary cores in low mass self-gravitating circumstellar disks of gas and solids
- A representative particle approach to coagulation and fragmentation of dust aggregates and fluid droplets
- Turbulent Torques on Protoplanets in a Dead Zone
- New composite models of partially ionized protoplanetary disks
- Vortices in Thin, Compressible, Unmagnetized Disks
- Global magnetohydrodynamical models of turbulence in protoplanetary disks I. A cylindrical potential on a Cartesian grid and transport of solids
- A coagulation-fragmentation model for the turbulent growth and destruction of preplanetesimals
- Kinematics of solid particles in a turbulent protoplanetary disc
- The Vertical Structure of Planet-induced Gaps in Proto-Planetary Discs
- A Link Between the Semi-Major Axis of Extrasolar Gas Giant Planets and Stellar Metallicity
Cited by in corpus (56)
- Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations
- Close-in planetesimal formation by pile-up of drifting pebbles
- A planetesimal orbiting within the debris disc around a white dwarf star
- Can dust coagulation trigger streaming instability?
- Dust Trapping by Vortices in Transitional Disks: Evidence for Non-ideal MHD Effects in Protoplanetary Disks
- Can dead zones create structures like a transition disk?
- Effects of dust feedback on vortices in protoplanetary disks
- Turbulence sets the length scale for planetesimal formation: Local 2D simulations of streaming instability and planetesimal formation
- Convective overstability in accretion disks: 3D linear analysis and nonlinear saturation
- CSI 2264: Characterizing Young Stars in NGC 2264 with Short-Duration, Periodic Flux Dips in their Light Curves
- Gas and dust dynamics in starlight-heated protoplanetary disks
- Formation of Giant Planet Satellites
- Investigation of the inner structures around HD169142 with VLT/SPHERE
- Are protoplanetary disks born with vortices? -- Rossby wave instability driven by protostellar infall
- The first ALMA survey of protoplanetary discs at 3 mm: demographics of grain growth in the Lupus region
- Rossby wave instability does not require sharp resistivity gradients
- Prompt planetesimal formation beyond the snow line
- Long-Lived Dust Asymmetries at Dead Zone Edges in Protoplanetary Disks
- Pebble trapping in vortices: three-dimensional simulations
- Planetesimal formation in self-gravitating discs: the effects of particle self-gravity and back-reaction
- Probing the cold dust emission in the AB Aur disk: a dust trap in a decaying vortex?
- Vortex stretching in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs
- Dust entrainment in magnetically and thermally driven disk winds
- Migration processes in the Solar System and their role in the evolution of the Earth and planets
- Planet-disc interaction on a freely moving mesh
- Interpreting Brightness Asymmetries in Transition Disks: Vortex at Dead Zone or Planet Carved Gap Edges?
- Planet-vortex interaction:How a vortex can shepherd a planetary embryo
- On the local stability of vortices in differentially rotating discs
- Rossby Wave Instabilities of Protoplanetary Discs with Cooling
- Formation of pebbles in (gravito-)viscous protoplanetary disks with various turbulent strengths
- Which stars can form planets: Planetesimal formation at low metallicities
- Orbital advection with magnetohydrodynamics and vector potential
- On the origin of the lump in circumbinary discs
- Extreme Pebble Accretion in Ringed Protoplanetary Discs
- Dust-gas dynamics driven by the streaming instability with various pressure gradients
- Formation of the Earth and Moon: Influence of Small Bodies
- Formation of trans-Neptunian satellite systems at the stage of condensations
- Planetesimal and planet formation in transient dust traps
- On the vortex evolution in non-isothermal protoplanetary discs
- Rossby-wave instability in viscous discs
- Origin of orbits of secondaries in the discovered trans-Neptunian binaries
- The origin of the occurrence rate profile of gas giants inside 100 days
- Global magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the inner regions of protoplanetary discs. I. Zero-net flux regime
- On the evolution of vortex in locally isothermal self-gravitating discs: a parameter study
- Increased isolation mass for pebble accreting planetary cores in pressure maxima of protoplanetary discs
- A question of personalities: evolution of viscous and wind-driven protoplanetary discs in the presence of dead zones
- Growth of the Moon due to bodies ejected from the Earth
- Planetary nurseries: vortices formed at smooth viscosity transition
- The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) VIII: A dust arc and non-Keplerian gas kinematics in HD 121617
- Effects of Stellar X-ray Photoevaporation on Planetesimal Formation via the Streaming Instability
- Observability of the Vertical Shear Instability in protoplanetary disk CO kinematics
- Effects of upper disc boundary conditions on the linear Rossby wave instability
- Migration of celestial bodies in the Solar system and in several exoplanetary systems
- How leaky? A large parameter study of leaky dust traps to quantify the transport of pebbles and ice in protoplanetary discs
- Prometheus Induced Vorticity In Saturns F Ring
- Gas dynamics around dust asymmetries in turbulent disks