Growth of the Moon due to bodies ejected from the Earth
arXiv:2405.19797 · doi:10.1134/S0038094624010040
Abstract
The evolution of the orbits of bodies ejected from the Earth has been studied at the stage of its accumulation and early evolution after impacts of large planetesimals. In the considered variants of calculations of the motion of bodies ejected from the Earth, most of the bodies left the Hill sphere of the Earth and moved in heliocentric orbits. Their dynamical lifetime reached several hundred million years. At higher ejection velocities vej the probabilities of collisions of bodies with the Earth and Moon were generally lower. Over the entire considered time interval at the ejection velocity vej, equal to 11.5, 12 and 14 km/s, the values of the probability of a collision of a body with the Earth were approximately 0.3, 0.2 and 0.15-0.2, respectively. At ejection velocities vej<11.25 km/s, i.e., slightly exceeding a parabolic velocity, most of the ejected bodies fell back to the Earth. The probability of a collision of a body ejected from the Earth with the Moon moving in its present orbit was approximately 15-35 times less than that with the Earth at vej>11.5 km/s. The probability of a collision of such bodies with the Moon was mainly about 0.004-0.008 at ejection velocities of at least 14 km/s and about 0.006-0.01 at vej=12 km/s. It was larger at lower ejection velocities and was in the range of 0.01-0.02 at vej=11.3 km/s. The Moon may contain material ejected from the Earth during the accumulation of the Earth and during the late heavy bombardment. At the same time, as obtained in our calculations, the bodies ejected from the Earth and falling on the Moon embryo would not be enough for the Moon to grow to its present mass from a small embryo moving along the present orbit of the Moon. This result argues in favor of the formation of a lunar embryo and its further growth to most of the present mass of the Moon near the Earth.
arXiv comment18 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
References in corpus (29)
- Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs
- Particle Clumping and Planetesimal Formation Depend Strongly on Metallicity
- Zonal Flows and Long-Lived Axisymmetric Pressure Bumps in Magnetorotational Turbulence
- Towards planetesimals: dense chondrule clumps in the protoplanetary nebula
- On the Formation of Planetesimals via Secular Gravitational Instabilities with Turbulent Stirring
- Planet formation bursts at the borders of the dead zone in 2D numerical simulations of circumstellar disks
- Adding particle collisions to the formation of asteroids and Kuiper belt objects via streaming instabilities
- Towards Initial Mass Functions for Asteroids and Kuiper Belt Objects
- High-resolution simulations of planetesimal formation in turbulent protoplanetary discs
- Multiple Impact Origin for the Moon
- Tidal evolution of the Moon from a high-obliquity, high-angular-momentum Earth
- Rummaging through Earth's attic for remains of ancient life
- Embryos grown in the dead zone: Assembling the first protoplanetary cores in low mass self-gravitating circumstellar disks of gas and solids
- Lunar accretion from a Roche-interior fluid disk
- On the Origin of Earth's Moon
- From Disks to Planets
- Collisionless Encounters and the Origin of the Lunar Inclination
- Comet and Asteroid Hazard to the Terrestrial Planets
- Migration processes in the Solar System and their role in the evolution of the Earth and planets
- Dynamics of escaping Earth ejecta and their collision probability with different Solar System bodies
- Migration of Trans-Neptunian Objects to the Terrestrial Planets
- Migration of Jupiter-Family Comets and Resonant Asteroids to Near-Earth Space
- Exogenous delivery of water to Mercury
- Probabilities of collisions of planetesimals from different regions of the feeding zone of the terrestrial planets with the forming planets and the Moon
- Formation of trans-Neptunian satellite systems at the stage of condensations
- Formation of the Earth and Moon: Influence of Small Bodies
- Analytical formulation of lunar cratering asymmetries
- Formation of embryos of the Earth and the Moon from the common rarefied condensation and their subsequent growth
- Origin of orbits of secondaries in the discovered trans-Neptunian binaries